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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is NOT true for epithelial tissue?
Which characteristic is NOT true for epithelial tissue?
- It can consist of one or more layers.
- It has its own blood supply. (correct)
- It is made up of closely packed cells.
- It covers and lines internal and external body surfaces.
Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for absorption?
Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for absorption?
- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- Simple squamous epithelium
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Simple cuboidal epithelium (correct)
In which location would you NOT typically find epithelial tissue?
In which location would you NOT typically find epithelial tissue?
- On the skin surface
- Linings of the digestive tract
- In muscle tissue (correct)
- Lining of the respiratory tract
What is a defining feature of epithelial tissue compared to connective tissue?
What is a defining feature of epithelial tissue compared to connective tissue?
What type of shape do the cells have in simple columnar epithelium?
What type of shape do the cells have in simple columnar epithelium?
Which characteristic of epithelium describes its lack of blood vessels?
Which characteristic of epithelium describes its lack of blood vessels?
What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells that facilitates material transfer?
What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells that facilitates material transfer?
Which type of epithelium is primarily associated with absorption and secretion due to its taller cells?
Which type of epithelium is primarily associated with absorption and secretion due to its taller cells?
Which feature of epithelium describes its tightly packed cells?
Which feature of epithelium describes its tightly packed cells?
What is a common feature of all epithelial tissues regarding their support structure?
What is a common feature of all epithelial tissues regarding their support structure?
What is the primary function of epithelial cells concerning external exposure?
What is the primary function of epithelial cells concerning external exposure?
How do multi-layered epithelial cells help the urinary bladder?
How do multi-layered epithelial cells help the urinary bladder?
Which of the following statements about endothelial cells is correct?
Which of the following statements about endothelial cells is correct?
What is the difference between secretion and excretion?
What is the difference between secretion and excretion?
How do epithelial cells provide sensation?
How do epithelial cells provide sensation?
Which process involves the movement of substances directly across the cell membrane?
Which process involves the movement of substances directly across the cell membrane?
Which structure aids epithelial cells in moving substances through sweeping motions?
Which structure aids epithelial cells in moving substances through sweeping motions?
What characteristic helps epithelial cells withstand mechanical stress?
What characteristic helps epithelial cells withstand mechanical stress?
What distinguishes pseudostratified columnar epithelium from other types of epithelium?
What distinguishes pseudostratified columnar epithelium from other types of epithelium?
Which statement about stratified squamous epithelium is correct?
Which statement about stratified squamous epithelium is correct?
What is a defining characteristic of transitional epithelium?
What is a defining characteristic of transitional epithelium?
Which type of epithelium is characterized by an outermost layer of columnar epithelial cells?
Which type of epithelium is characterized by an outermost layer of columnar epithelial cells?
What type of epithelium has multiple layers but consists of cuboidal cells only at the outermost layer?
What type of epithelium has multiple layers but consists of cuboidal cells only at the outermost layer?
What is the primary function of the mucous membrane?
What is the primary function of the mucous membrane?
Which type of fluid is associated with the synovial membrane?
Which type of fluid is associated with the synovial membrane?
Which layer of the serous membrane is the outer layer referred to as?
Which layer of the serous membrane is the outer layer referred to as?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the cutaneous membrane?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the cutaneous membrane?
What primarily composes the mucous produced by the mucous membrane?
What primarily composes the mucous produced by the mucous membrane?
What role does hyaluronan play in the synovial membrane?
What role does hyaluronan play in the synovial membrane?
Which characteristic is associated with the serous membrane?
Which characteristic is associated with the serous membrane?
What is a major difference between mucous and serous membranes?
What is a major difference between mucous and serous membranes?
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Study Notes
Epithelial Tissue
- Covers the entire surface of the body
- Composed of cells closely packed into one or more layers
- Specializes to form coverings or linings of all internal and external body surfaces
- One of four main types of tissue structures in the human body along with muscle, nerve, and connective tissue
- Most prolific of the four major tissue types found in the human body
- Cells are avascular
- Has nerve endings allowing it to perceive external stimulus
- Has a gliding surface layer allowing epithelial cells to maintain a barrier to the external environment
- Is a tight barrier because cells are held together by desmosomes, hemi desmosomes, and tight junctions
Functions of Epithelium
- Secretion: moving material from one point to another
- Sensation: nerve endings provide signals for sensory sensations like taste, sight, and smell
- Absorption: taking in liquids, gases, or other substances
- Transport: moving substances across cell membranes
- Protection: covering inner and outer linings of body cavities and organs
- Movement: some epithelial cells have cilia which aid in moving substances
Characteristics of Epithelium
- Most cellular tissue in the body
- Forms semi-permeable membranes
- Avascular: nutrients diffuse in from underlying connective tissue
- Good nerve supply
- Cells are tightly packed together
- Rapid cell division
Classification of Epithelium
- Simple Epithelium: single layer
- Stratified Epithelium: multiple layers
- Pseudostratified Epithelium: appears stratified but all cells contact the basement membrane
- Transitional Epithelium: multiple layers with cells that change shape, allows for stretching
Simple Epithelium
- Simple Squamous Epithelium: single layer of flattened cells, facilitates material transfer
- Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: single layer of cuboidal cells, associated with absorption, secretion, and excretion
- Simple Columnar Epithelium: single layer of cells taller than they are wide, associated with absorption and secretion
Stratified Epithelium
- Stratified Squamous Epithelium: multiple layers of cells that become flattened towards the apical layer, provides protection from abrasion
- Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: multiple layers of cells, outermost layer is cuboidal, limited distribution
- Stratified Columnar Epithelium: multiple layers of cells, outermost layer made up of columnar cells, primary function is protection
Transitional Epithelium
- Multiple layers of cells
- Outermost layer has large, pear/dome shaped cells that change shape during contraction
- Allows for stretching
Membranes
- Sheets of tissue composed of cells
- Cover or line internal structures and cavities
- Main types: Mucous, Serous, Synovial, Cutaneous
Mucous Membrane
- Epithelial membrane that contains mucous cells
- Lines cavities open to the external environment
- Protective function
- Secretes mucous to keep membranes moist
- Mucous is made of 95% water, 5% mucins, 1% inorganic salts, 0.5-1% proteins, and trace lipids and mucopolysaccharides
Serous Membrane
- Lines cavities not open to the external environment
- Composed of mesodermally derived epithelium
- Two layers: parietal (outer) and visceral (inner)
- Serous fluid lubricates
Synovial Membrane
- Lines the cavity of a freely movable joint
- Fibroblasts release hyaluronan into the joint cavity
- Hyaluronan traps water to form synovial fluid
- Nourishes cartilage
Cutaneous Membrane
- Stratified squamous epithelial membrane
- Rests on top of connective tissue
- Covered with dead keratinized cells
- Protects the body from pathogens
- Also known as skin
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