45 Questions
Which type of cartilage is characterized by the presence of elastin?
Elastic Cartilage
What is the function of perichondrium in hyaline cartilage?
It builds articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate
What is the main component of the extracellular matrix in cartilage?
Collagen Type 1
What is a characteristic feature of hyaline cartilage matrix?
Homogeneous and amorphous
What is the purpose of cartilage calcification?
To facilitate bone growth
What is the difference between hyaline cartilage and articular hyaline cartilage?
Presence of perichondrium
What is the role of hyaline cartilage in fetal development?
It provides a model for the developing skeleton
What is the type of collagen found in fibro cartilage?
Type 1
What is a characteristic of all types of cartilage?
They all get dry
What is the primary function of epithelial tissue in the body?
To create a selective barrier between the external environment and the underlying connective tissue
What type of epithelial tissue lines the vascular system and body cavities?
Simple squamous epithelium
What is the primary basis for the classification of connective tissue?
The composition and organization of its extracellular components
Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue?
Lymphoid tissue
What is the function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?
To separate the epithelial tissue from the underlying connective tissue
What is the type of cell found in connective tissue?
Fibrocytes
What is the main difference between epithelial tissue and connective tissue?
The function of the tissue
Which of the following is NOT a function of loose connective tissue?
Supporting
What is the main component of the ground substance in ECM?
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
What is the primary function of endothelial cells in the body?
To line the vascular system and body cavities
Which type of tissue is responsible for facilitating the exchange of oxygen and nutrients with the bloodstream?
Connective tissue
Which type of fiber is responsible for providing elasticity to connective tissue?
Elastin
What is the primary function of mesothelial cells in the body?
To line the vascular system and body cavities
What is the primary function of dense irregular connective tissue?
To provide mechanical support
Which of the following is a type of proteoglycan?
Chondroitin sulfate
What is the type of collagen found in connective tissue?
Type 1
What is the role of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue?
Provides mechanical support and influences extracellular communication
What is the characteristic of loose connective tissue?
Loosely arranged fibers and cells
What happens to hyaline cartilage when it calcifies?
It is replaced by bone
What is unique about the extracellular matrix of fibrocartilage?
It is characterized by the presence of both type I and type II collagen
What is the main component of the fiber in bone ECM?
Type I collagen
What is the classification of bone tissue based on its structure?
Dense or spongy
What is the term for the classification of bones based on their shape?
Bone typology
What is the term for the layer of cells that lines the inner surface of a long bone?
Endosteum
What is the term for the connection between two bones?
Joint
What type of cartilage has a limited ability for repair?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?
To form bone tissue
What is the functional unit of the myofibril?
Sarcomere
What is the main function of the nervous system?
To allow rapid response to external stimuli
What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction regulation?
To regulate the release of Ca2+
What is the type of tissue that consists of neurons and supporting cells?
Nerve tissue
What is the term for the segment of the myofibril between two adjacent Z lines?
Sarcomere
What is the role of Ca2+ in muscle contraction regulation?
To regulate muscle cell contraction
What is the type of tissue that makes up the neuromuscular junction?
Muscle tissue
What is the process that initiates muscle cell contraction?
Release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft
What is the part of the nervous system that regulates the function of internal organs?
Autonomic system
Study Notes
Epithelial Tissue
- Creates a selective barrier between the external environment and the underlying connective tissue.
- Diverse functions can be found in different organs of the body.
- Classified into simple, stratified, cuboidal, columnar, and squamous types.
Connective Tissue
- A diverse group of cells within a tissue-specific extracellular matrix.
- Responsible for various functions, such as connecting, protecting, nourishing, and supporting.
- Classified based on the composition and organization of its extracellular components and functions.
- Cells: fibrocytes; ECM: fibers (collagen type 1, elastin), ground substance (glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, multi-adhesive glycoproteins, hyaluronan).
Types of Connective Tissue
- Loose connective tissue (LCT): characterized by loosely arranged fibers and cells of various types; functions include connecting, protecting, and nourishing.
- Dense irregular connective tissue (DICT): characterized by a lot of fibers and few cells; examples include periosteum, fascia, perichondrium, and capsule.
- Dense regular connective tissue (DRCT): characterized by ordered and densely packed arrays of fibers and cells; examples include tendon and ligament.
Cartilage
- Cells: chondrocytes; ECM: fibers (collagen type 1/2, elastin); provides mechanical and structural support.
- Types: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage.
- Hyaline cartilage: homogeneous, amorphous matrix; lacunae; builds articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate.
- All cartilages undergo dry calcification with age; limited ability for repair.
Bone
- Cells: osteocyte/blast/clast; ECM: fibers (collagen type 1); provides structural support.
- Classified as compact (dense) or spongy (cancellous) bone.
- Bones are organs of the skeletal system; bone tissue is the structural component of bones.
Joints
- Bones that articulate with neighboring bones; location of spongy and compact bone varies with bone shape.
Muscle Tissue
- The functional unit of the myofibril is the sarcomere, the segment of the myofibril between two adjacent Z lines.
- Regulation of contraction involves Ca2+, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the transverse tubular system.
- Neuromuscular junction: release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft initiates depolarization of the plasma membrane, leading to muscle cell contraction.
Nerve Tissue
- Consists of two principal types of cells: neurons and supporting cells.
- The nervous system allows rapid response to external stimuli; autonomic part regulates the function of internal organs.
Learn about the different types of epithelial tissues, their functions, and their locations in the body. This quiz covers the classification of epithelial tissues and their roles in various organs.
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