Epithelial Tissue - Chapter 5.2 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is tissue?

Cells, the basic units of structure and function in the human organism, are organized into groups.

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Secretion (correct)

Protection (correct)

Absorption (correct)

Excretion (correct)

Where is epithelial tissue located?

Covers body surface, covers and lines internal organs and cavities, composes glands.

What are the distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Lack blood vessels, readily divide, cells are tightly packed. Signup and view all the answers

Does epithelial tissue have a free apical surface?

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the basement membrane?

The underside of epithelial tissue anchored to connective tissue by a thin, nonliving layer. Signup and view all the answers

Do epithelial cells divide slowly?

False Signup and view all the answers

How are epithelial tissues classified?

According to cell shape and the number of cell layers. Signup and view all the answers

What are the shapes of epithelial cells?

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar. Signup and view all the answers

A simple layer has ______ layers.

1 Signup and view all the answers

A stratified layer has ______________ layers.

more than one Signup and view all the answers

How many types of simple squamous tissue are there?

3 types: simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar. Signup and view all the answers

What is best suited for diffusion and filtration?

Simple squamous cells. Signup and view all the answers

Where can simple squamous cells be found?

In the lungs, lining blood and lymph vessels, and body cavities. Signup and view all the answers

What does Simple cuboidal epithelium consist of?

A single layer of cube-shaped cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Secretion and absorption in the kidneys, secretion glands, and covering ovaries. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the cells of simple columnar epithelium.

Longer than they are wide, with elongated nuclei near the basement membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of goblet cells in simple columnar cells?

They secrete a protective fluid called mucus onto the free surface. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of simple columnar cells?

Nonciliated Signup and view all the answers

What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

It appears layered due to varying positions of nuclei and may have cilia. Signup and view all the answers

How many types of stratified epithelium are there?

3 types: stratified squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal epithelium, and stratified columnar epithelium. Signup and view all the answers

How is stratified epithelium named?

By the shape of the top layer of cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is stratified squamous epithelium?

Tissue with many cell layers that is relatively thick. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stratified squamous layer?

Protect. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Epithelial Tissue Overview

Tissue is a group of cells organized for structural and functional purposes.
Epithelial tissue plays critical roles in protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion.

Location and Characteristics

Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, lines internal organs, and composes glands.
It lacks blood vessels, enabling the tissue to readily divide and heal quickly due to tightly packed cells.
Always has a free (apical) surface exposed to external or internal spaces.

Structural Features

Anchored to connective tissue by a basement membrane, a nonliving layer.
Classifications are based on cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) and the number of layers (simple or stratified).

Types of Epithelial Cells

Squamous: Thin, flattened cells suited for diffusion and filtration; found in the lungs and lining of blood vessels.
Cuboidal: Cube-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei; involved in secretion and absorption in kidneys and glands.
Columnar: Elongated cells with nuclei positioned near the basement membrane; can have microvilli for increased absorption surface area.

Simple Epithelial Types

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Composed of a single layer of flat cells, effective for diffusion and filtration; found in lungs and lining of blood vessels.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Single layer of cube-shaped cells, central nuclei; functions in secretion and absorption, located in glands and kidney tubules.
Simple Columnar Epithelium: Single layer of elongated cells, specialized for absorption, often containing microvilli and goblet cells that secrete mucus; two types include nonciliated and ciliated.

Stratified Epithelial Types

Stratified epithelium contains multiple cell layers, providing thicker tissue; cells divide in deeper layers pushing older cells outward to flatten.
Classified as stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, and stratified columnar; names reflect the shape of the outer layer.

Functions and Specialized Features

Goblet Cells: Present in simple columnar epithelium, secrete mucus for protection.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: Appears layered due to varying nucleus positions; contains cilia that sweep debris, commonly found in respiratory tubes.

Key Points on Layering

Simple layer consists of one layer of cells; stratified has more than one layer.
Simple squamous tissue is the most efficient for diffusion and filtration processes.

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Test your knowledge on epithelial tissue with these flashcards. This quiz covers key definitions, functions, and locations of epithelial cells, providing a comprehensive review of Chapter 5.2. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.