Epithelial Tissue and Secretory Epithelia
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[Blank] cells are responsible for producing and secreting macromolecules in epithelia.

Epithelial

[Blank] epithelial cells are scattered secretory cells commonly found in simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified epithelium.

Unicellular

[Blank] glands develop from covering epithelia through cell proliferation and downgrowth into the subjacent connective tissue.

Exocrine

The ducts of several secretory units converge to form larger ducts in ______ glands, facilitating the transport of secretions.

<p>compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ gland has an elongated secretory portion and a short duct, as seen in the mucous glands of the colon.

<p>simple tubular</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] glands are characterized by multiple saclike secretory parts that enter the same duct, such as sebaceous glands of the skin.

<p>Branched acinar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Several elongated coiled secretory units converge into larger ducts which is the key feature of the ______ type gland.

<p>tubular</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units converge at larger ducts in ______ glands such as salivary glands.

<p>tubuloacinar</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ secretion involves the release of secretory vesicles via exocytosis, without any damage to the cells.

<p>merocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ______ secretion, the disintegration of cells with their contents becoming the secretion marks a destructive process.

<p>holocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] secretion is characterized by the pinching off of the apical portion of the secretory cell, incorporating part of the cytoplasm into the secretion.

<p>Apocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classification of exocrine glands by the type of their secretions includes mucous, serous and ______.

<p>seromucous</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] cells are specialized cells present in some exocrine glands that help to squeeze secretions from the acini.

<p>Myoepithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] glands are specialized for steroid or protein hormone synthesis, releasing their secretions without ducts.

<p>Endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] across epithelia involves mechanisms that allow the movement of ions and water, essential for absorption and secretion processes.

<p>Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] is a mechanism involving receptor-mediated or receptor-independent transport of substances across the cell.

<p>Transcytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most epithelial cells have a ______ renewing cell population, allowing for continuous regeneration and maintenance of tissue integrity.

<p>continuously</p> Signup and view all the answers

In certain epithelia, like complex glands, cells belong to a ______ cell population that exhibits little mitotic activity unless stimulated by injury.

<p>stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelial cells that produce and secrete macromolecules may occur in epithelia with other major functions or comprise specialized organs called ______.

<p>glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] cells are scattered secretory cells, common in simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified epithelium.

<p>Goblet</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] glands are named that because they release their contents via exocytosis, a process that doesn't harm the cell.

<p>Merocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

If acne vulgaris often arises from blocked ducts in ______ glands, this is a result of excessive sebum and keratin production triggered by puberty's hormonal changes?

<p>sebaceous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based of the image and OCR, gland formation is characterized by the ______ of cells and their downgrowth into the subjacent connective tissue.

<p>proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unlike exocrine glands, ______ glands release their products directly into the bloodstream.

<p>endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelial cells are classified as unicellular or multicellular based on their ______ complexity.

<p>structural</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glands that secrete mucus and oils contain various chemical and cellular processes dependent on these factors include merocrine, apocrine, and ______.

<p>holocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

The replacement of epithelial cells is produced by mitotic activity of self-maintaining______ stem cells.

<p>adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ junction facilitates absorption and secretion.

<p>tight</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glands such as those in the stomach, demonstrate their main function being ______.

<p>tubular</p> Signup and view all the answers

Goblet cells help with epithelium found in the ______ tract.

<p>respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

The shape of cells impacts the properties in the ______ layer.

<p>basal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The quantity of cell ______ is a key point for classifying exocrine glands.

<p>layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Submucosal mucous glands exist inside the ______.

<p>duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acne vulgaris is trigged by puberty's ______ changes.

<p>hormonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lack of myoepithelial cells can be found in ______.

<p>endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelial cells are more prominent in the context of glands, or in complex ______.

<p>liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelial cells contain structures that permit a stable cell ______.

<p>population</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exocrine glands are known for containing secreting units containing smaller ______.

<p>ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] glands lack myoepithelial cells.

<p>Endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of exocrine glands, the process of ______ marks one that results in cell death due to the disintegration of matter that makes up such glands.

<p>holocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Small mucous glands are found along the ______.

<p>urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

In simple glands, if the secretory portion is elongated and the duct is usually short or absent, the gland is classified as simple ______.

<p>tubular</p> Signup and view all the answers

The glands in the uterus and stomach, which consist of several long secretory parts joining to drain into one duct, are classified as branched ______ glands.

<p>tubular</p> Signup and view all the answers

In contrast to tubular glands, ______ glands have rounded, sac-like secretory portions, often described as alveolar.

<p>acinar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glands that feature both tubular and acinar secretory units converging at larger ducts are classified as ______ glands.

<p>tubuloacinar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mucous glands of the colon and intestinal glands, or crypts of Lieberkühn, exemplified by having elongated secretory portions and short ducts, are of the simple ______ type.

<p>tubular</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sweat glands that have a very long, coiled secretory portion with a single duct are categorized as ______ tubular glands.

<p>coiled</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unlike exocrine glands that secrete their products through ducts, ______ glands, like those specialized for steroid or protein hormone synthesis, release their products directly into the bloodstream.

<p>endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

In contrast to those that release proteins by exocytosis, ______ are released via diffusion through the cell membrane in endocrine glands.

<p>steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exocrine glands can be classified as mucous, serous, or ______, depending on the type of secretions they produce.

<p>seromucous</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cells responsible for aiding the secretion of exocrine glands through contraction, located around the secretory units, are called ______ cells.

<p>myoepithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Secretory Epithelia

Epithelial cells that produce and secrete macromolecules, found in epithelia or specialized organs.

Function of Secretory Cells

Synthesize, store, and release macromolecules, and secrete water and electrolytes.

Unicellular Gland: Goblet Cells

Scattered secretory cells (unicellular glands) found in simple cuboidal, columnar, and pseudostratified epithelium.

Gland Formation

Glands formed from covering epithelia through cell proliferation and downgrowth into connective tissue.

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Exocrine Glands

Glands that secrete products via ducts onto an epithelial surface.

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Simple Tubular Gland

Elongated secretory portion and short or absent duct; examples include mucous glands of colon.

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Branched Tubular Gland

Several long secretory parts joining to drain into one duct, found in the uterus and stomach.

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Coiled Tubular Gland

Secretory portion is very long and coiled, as seen in sweat glands.

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Acinar (Alveolar) Gland

Rounded, saclike secretory portion, such as small mucous glands along the urethra.

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Branched Acinar Gland

Multiple saclike secretory parts entering the same duct, like sebaceous glands of the skin.

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Compound Tubular Gland

Several elongated coiled secretory units and ducts converge to form larger ducts, as in submucosal mucous glands.

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Compound Acinar (Alveolar) Gland

Several saclike secretory units with small ducts converge, see in the exocrine pancreas.

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Compound Tubuloacinar Gland

Ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units converge into larger ducts, i.e. salivary glands.

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Merocrine Secretion

Synthesize, store, and release macromolecules via exocytosis; cell remains unharmed.

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Holocrine Secretion

Accumulate secretory product in cell & release; disintegration releases contents, like sebaceous glands.

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Apocrine Secretion

Release apical portion of cell with secretions, i.e. mammary glands.

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Serous Glands

Glands that secrete watery, enzyme-rich fluid.

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Mucous Glands

Glands that produce mucous, a viscous glycoprotein-rich secretion.

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Seromucous Glands

Glands containing both serous and mucous cells.

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Myoepithelial Cells

Contractile epithelial cells that surround secretory acini & tubules in glands/assist secretions.

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Endocrine Glands

Glands lacking myoepithelial cells, specialized for hormones; proteins (exocytosis), steroids (diffusion).

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Transcytosis

The process where macromolecules are transported across epithelia, it can be receptor-mediated or independent.

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Epithelial Cell Renewal

Most epithelial cells continuously renew; other epithelia have a stable cell population that divides when stimulated.

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Study Notes

Prayer for Guidance

  • A prayer is said to seek light, wisdom, understanding, a retentive memory, and the capacity to grasp things correctly.
  • The prayer includes a request for accuracy, thoroughness, and clarity in expositions and the ability to express oneself well.
  • It askes for guidance from the start of work to its completion, through Christ.

Epithelial Tissue - MT120225

Unit 2 Focus Areas

  • Epithelial cells
  • Epithelial domains
  • Covering or lining epithelia
  • Secretory epithelia and glands
  • Transport across epithelia
  • Renewal of epithelial cells

Unit 2 Learning Outcome

  • Differentiate the different types of secretory epithelia, based on their structure and the products they secrete.

Secretory Epithelia

  • Macromolecule-producing and secreting epithelial cells can exist within epithelia that have other main functions
  • These cells are found in specialized organs is glands

Function of Secretory Cells

  • They synthesize, store, and release macromolecules
  • They secrete water and electrolytes

Unicellular Glands: Goblet Cells

  • Scattered secretory cells, also known as unicellular glands, are common in simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified epithelium.

Exocrine Glands - Structure

Simple Glands

  • Ducts do not branch in these glands

Simple Tubular

  • Features an elongated secretory portion with a typically short or absent duct.
  • Examples include mucous glands of the colon and intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn).

Branched Tubular

  • Several long secretory parts join to drain into one duct.
  • Examples include glands in the uterus and stomach.

Coiled Tubular

  • Lengthy secretory portion is very long and coiled.
  • An example is sweat glands

Acinar (Alveolar)

  • Rounded, sac-like secretory portion.
  • Small mucous glands along the urethra are an example.

Branched Acinar

  • Multiple sac-like secretory parts enter the same duct.
  • Sebaceous glands of the skin provide an example.

Compound Glands

  • Ducts from several secretory units converge into larger ducts

Tubular

  • Several elongated coiled secretory units and their ducts converge to form larger ducts. –Submucosal mucous glands (of Brunner) in the duodenum are an example.

Acinar (Alveolar)

  • Several sac-like secretory units with small ducts converge at a larger duct.
  • The exocrine pancreas is an example.

Tubuloacinar

  • Features ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units converging at larger ducts.
  • Salivary glands are an example.

Exocrine vs Endocrine Glands

Classifying Exocrine Glands

  • Key points for classifying exocrine glands required

Exocrine Glands - Manner of Secretions

Merocrine Glands

  • They secrete via exocytosis.
  • The cell remains unharmed and intact during the secretion process.

Holocrine Glands

  • The disintegration of cells releases contents that become the secretion.

Apocrine Glands

  • It involves pinching off of the apical portion of secretory cells.

Acne Vulgaris

  • Often arises from blocked ducts in sebaceous glands.
  • It is usually from excessive sebum and keratin production induced by puberty's hormonal changes.

Types of Exocrine Secretion

Types of Exocrine Glands - Secretions

  • Mucous
  • Serous
  • Seromucous or Mixed

Endocrine Glands

  • Lack myoepithelial cells.
  • They are specialized for steroid or protein hormone synthesis.
    • Proteins are released by exocytosis.
    • Steroids are released via diffusion through the cell membrane.

Epithelial Transport

Epithelial Cell Renewal

  • Most epithelial cells are in a continuously renewing cell population.
  • Epithelial cells in more complex glands and the liver belong to a stable cell population.
    • It exhibits little mitotic activity.
    • These cells only divide when stimulated in response to injury.
  • Replacement cells are produced by mitotic activity of self-maintaining adult stem cells.

Features for Naming Epithelia

  • Cellular features used include the shape of cells in the basal layer and the number of cell layers.

Exocrine Glands: Acini & Secretion

  • All exocrine gland acini produce a secretion of heavily glycosylated, hydrophilic proteins.
  • These are an example of mucous glands.

Next Session

  • There will be a quiz on Unit 2, Epithelial Tissues.
  • Study Chapter 4 of Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas.

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Description

Study of Epithelial cells, covering/lining epithelia, and secretory epithelia. Focus on macromolecule-producing cells within epithelia. Overview of the types and function of secretory cells, and renewal of epithelial cells.

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