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Questions and Answers
[Blank] cells are responsible for producing and secreting macromolecules in epithelia.
[Blank] cells are responsible for producing and secreting macromolecules in epithelia.
Epithelial
[Blank] epithelial cells are scattered secretory cells commonly found in simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified epithelium.
[Blank] epithelial cells are scattered secretory cells commonly found in simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified epithelium.
Unicellular
[Blank] glands develop from covering epithelia through cell proliferation and downgrowth into the subjacent connective tissue.
[Blank] glands develop from covering epithelia through cell proliferation and downgrowth into the subjacent connective tissue.
Exocrine
The ducts of several secretory units converge to form larger ducts in ______ glands, facilitating the transport of secretions.
The ducts of several secretory units converge to form larger ducts in ______ glands, facilitating the transport of secretions.
A ______ gland has an elongated secretory portion and a short duct, as seen in the mucous glands of the colon.
A ______ gland has an elongated secretory portion and a short duct, as seen in the mucous glands of the colon.
[Blank] glands are characterized by multiple saclike secretory parts that enter the same duct, such as sebaceous glands of the skin.
[Blank] glands are characterized by multiple saclike secretory parts that enter the same duct, such as sebaceous glands of the skin.
Several elongated coiled secretory units converge into larger ducts which is the key feature of the ______ type gland.
Several elongated coiled secretory units converge into larger ducts which is the key feature of the ______ type gland.
Ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units converge at larger ducts in ______ glands such as salivary glands.
Ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units converge at larger ducts in ______ glands such as salivary glands.
The ______ secretion involves the release of secretory vesicles via exocytosis, without any damage to the cells.
The ______ secretion involves the release of secretory vesicles via exocytosis, without any damage to the cells.
In ______ secretion, the disintegration of cells with their contents becoming the secretion marks a destructive process.
In ______ secretion, the disintegration of cells with their contents becoming the secretion marks a destructive process.
[Blank] secretion is characterized by the pinching off of the apical portion of the secretory cell, incorporating part of the cytoplasm into the secretion.
[Blank] secretion is characterized by the pinching off of the apical portion of the secretory cell, incorporating part of the cytoplasm into the secretion.
The classification of exocrine glands by the type of their secretions includes mucous, serous and ______.
The classification of exocrine glands by the type of their secretions includes mucous, serous and ______.
[Blank] cells are specialized cells present in some exocrine glands that help to squeeze secretions from the acini.
[Blank] cells are specialized cells present in some exocrine glands that help to squeeze secretions from the acini.
[Blank] glands are specialized for steroid or protein hormone synthesis, releasing their secretions without ducts.
[Blank] glands are specialized for steroid or protein hormone synthesis, releasing their secretions without ducts.
[Blank] across epithelia involves mechanisms that allow the movement of ions and water, essential for absorption and secretion processes.
[Blank] across epithelia involves mechanisms that allow the movement of ions and water, essential for absorption and secretion processes.
[Blank] is a mechanism involving receptor-mediated or receptor-independent transport of substances across the cell.
[Blank] is a mechanism involving receptor-mediated or receptor-independent transport of substances across the cell.
Most epithelial cells have a ______ renewing cell population, allowing for continuous regeneration and maintenance of tissue integrity.
Most epithelial cells have a ______ renewing cell population, allowing for continuous regeneration and maintenance of tissue integrity.
In certain epithelia, like complex glands, cells belong to a ______ cell population that exhibits little mitotic activity unless stimulated by injury.
In certain epithelia, like complex glands, cells belong to a ______ cell population that exhibits little mitotic activity unless stimulated by injury.
Epithelial cells that produce and secrete macromolecules may occur in epithelia with other major functions or comprise specialized organs called ______.
Epithelial cells that produce and secrete macromolecules may occur in epithelia with other major functions or comprise specialized organs called ______.
[Blank] cells are scattered secretory cells, common in simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified epithelium.
[Blank] cells are scattered secretory cells, common in simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified epithelium.
[Blank] glands are named that because they release their contents via exocytosis, a process that doesn't harm the cell.
[Blank] glands are named that because they release their contents via exocytosis, a process that doesn't harm the cell.
If acne vulgaris often arises from blocked ducts in ______ glands, this is a result of excessive sebum and keratin production triggered by puberty's hormonal changes?
If acne vulgaris often arises from blocked ducts in ______ glands, this is a result of excessive sebum and keratin production triggered by puberty's hormonal changes?
Based of the image and OCR, gland formation is characterized by the ______ of cells and their downgrowth into the subjacent connective tissue.
Based of the image and OCR, gland formation is characterized by the ______ of cells and their downgrowth into the subjacent connective tissue.
Unlike exocrine glands, ______ glands release their products directly into the bloodstream.
Unlike exocrine glands, ______ glands release their products directly into the bloodstream.
Epithelial cells are classified as unicellular or multicellular based on their ______ complexity.
Epithelial cells are classified as unicellular or multicellular based on their ______ complexity.
Glands that secrete mucus and oils contain various chemical and cellular processes dependent on these factors include merocrine, apocrine, and ______.
Glands that secrete mucus and oils contain various chemical and cellular processes dependent on these factors include merocrine, apocrine, and ______.
The replacement of epithelial cells is produced by mitotic activity of self-maintaining______ stem cells.
The replacement of epithelial cells is produced by mitotic activity of self-maintaining______ stem cells.
The ______ junction facilitates absorption and secretion.
The ______ junction facilitates absorption and secretion.
Glands such as those in the stomach, demonstrate their main function being ______.
Glands such as those in the stomach, demonstrate their main function being ______.
Goblet cells help with epithelium found in the ______ tract.
Goblet cells help with epithelium found in the ______ tract.
The shape of cells impacts the properties in the ______ layer.
The shape of cells impacts the properties in the ______ layer.
The quantity of cell ______ is a key point for classifying exocrine glands.
The quantity of cell ______ is a key point for classifying exocrine glands.
Submucosal mucous glands exist inside the ______.
Submucosal mucous glands exist inside the ______.
Acne vulgaris is trigged by puberty's ______ changes.
Acne vulgaris is trigged by puberty's ______ changes.
Lack of myoepithelial cells can be found in ______.
Lack of myoepithelial cells can be found in ______.
Epithelial cells are more prominent in the context of glands, or in complex ______.
Epithelial cells are more prominent in the context of glands, or in complex ______.
Epithelial cells contain structures that permit a stable cell ______.
Epithelial cells contain structures that permit a stable cell ______.
Exocrine glands are known for containing secreting units containing smaller ______.
Exocrine glands are known for containing secreting units containing smaller ______.
[Blank] glands lack myoepithelial cells.
[Blank] glands lack myoepithelial cells.
In the context of exocrine glands, the process of ______ marks one that results in cell death due to the disintegration of matter that makes up such glands.
In the context of exocrine glands, the process of ______ marks one that results in cell death due to the disintegration of matter that makes up such glands.
Small mucous glands are found along the ______.
Small mucous glands are found along the ______.
In simple glands, if the secretory portion is elongated and the duct is usually short or absent, the gland is classified as simple ______.
In simple glands, if the secretory portion is elongated and the duct is usually short or absent, the gland is classified as simple ______.
The glands in the uterus and stomach, which consist of several long secretory parts joining to drain into one duct, are classified as branched ______ glands.
The glands in the uterus and stomach, which consist of several long secretory parts joining to drain into one duct, are classified as branched ______ glands.
In contrast to tubular glands, ______ glands have rounded, sac-like secretory portions, often described as alveolar.
In contrast to tubular glands, ______ glands have rounded, sac-like secretory portions, often described as alveolar.
Glands that feature both tubular and acinar secretory units converging at larger ducts are classified as ______ glands.
Glands that feature both tubular and acinar secretory units converging at larger ducts are classified as ______ glands.
Mucous glands of the colon and intestinal glands, or crypts of Lieberkühn, exemplified by having elongated secretory portions and short ducts, are of the simple ______ type.
Mucous glands of the colon and intestinal glands, or crypts of Lieberkühn, exemplified by having elongated secretory portions and short ducts, are of the simple ______ type.
Sweat glands that have a very long, coiled secretory portion with a single duct are categorized as ______ tubular glands.
Sweat glands that have a very long, coiled secretory portion with a single duct are categorized as ______ tubular glands.
Unlike exocrine glands that secrete their products through ducts, ______ glands, like those specialized for steroid or protein hormone synthesis, release their products directly into the bloodstream.
Unlike exocrine glands that secrete their products through ducts, ______ glands, like those specialized for steroid or protein hormone synthesis, release their products directly into the bloodstream.
In contrast to those that release proteins by exocytosis, ______ are released via diffusion through the cell membrane in endocrine glands.
In contrast to those that release proteins by exocytosis, ______ are released via diffusion through the cell membrane in endocrine glands.
Exocrine glands can be classified as mucous, serous, or ______, depending on the type of secretions they produce.
Exocrine glands can be classified as mucous, serous, or ______, depending on the type of secretions they produce.
The cells responsible for aiding the secretion of exocrine glands through contraction, located around the secretory units, are called ______ cells.
The cells responsible for aiding the secretion of exocrine glands through contraction, located around the secretory units, are called ______ cells.
Flashcards
Secretory Epithelia
Secretory Epithelia
Epithelial cells that produce and secrete macromolecules, found in epithelia or specialized organs.
Function of Secretory Cells
Function of Secretory Cells
Synthesize, store, and release macromolecules, and secrete water and electrolytes.
Unicellular Gland: Goblet Cells
Unicellular Gland: Goblet Cells
Scattered secretory cells (unicellular glands) found in simple cuboidal, columnar, and pseudostratified epithelium.
Gland Formation
Gland Formation
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Exocrine Glands
Exocrine Glands
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Simple Tubular Gland
Simple Tubular Gland
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Branched Tubular Gland
Branched Tubular Gland
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Coiled Tubular Gland
Coiled Tubular Gland
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Acinar (Alveolar) Gland
Acinar (Alveolar) Gland
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Branched Acinar Gland
Branched Acinar Gland
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Compound Tubular Gland
Compound Tubular Gland
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Compound Acinar (Alveolar) Gland
Compound Acinar (Alveolar) Gland
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Compound Tubuloacinar Gland
Compound Tubuloacinar Gland
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Merocrine Secretion
Merocrine Secretion
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Holocrine Secretion
Holocrine Secretion
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Apocrine Secretion
Apocrine Secretion
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Serous Glands
Serous Glands
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Mucous Glands
Mucous Glands
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Seromucous Glands
Seromucous Glands
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Myoepithelial Cells
Myoepithelial Cells
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Endocrine Glands
Endocrine Glands
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Transcytosis
Transcytosis
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Epithelial Cell Renewal
Epithelial Cell Renewal
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Study Notes
Prayer for Guidance
- A prayer is said to seek light, wisdom, understanding, a retentive memory, and the capacity to grasp things correctly.
- The prayer includes a request for accuracy, thoroughness, and clarity in expositions and the ability to express oneself well.
- It askes for guidance from the start of work to its completion, through Christ.
Epithelial Tissue - MT120225
Unit 2 Focus Areas
- Epithelial cells
- Epithelial domains
- Covering or lining epithelia
- Secretory epithelia and glands
- Transport across epithelia
- Renewal of epithelial cells
Unit 2 Learning Outcome
- Differentiate the different types of secretory epithelia, based on their structure and the products they secrete.
Secretory Epithelia
- Macromolecule-producing and secreting epithelial cells can exist within epithelia that have other main functions
- These cells are found in specialized organs is glands
Function of Secretory Cells
- They synthesize, store, and release macromolecules
- They secrete water and electrolytes
Unicellular Glands: Goblet Cells
- Scattered secretory cells, also known as unicellular glands, are common in simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified epithelium.
Exocrine Glands - Structure
Simple Glands
- Ducts do not branch in these glands
Simple Tubular
- Features an elongated secretory portion with a typically short or absent duct.
- Examples include mucous glands of the colon and intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn).
Branched Tubular
- Several long secretory parts join to drain into one duct.
- Examples include glands in the uterus and stomach.
Coiled Tubular
- Lengthy secretory portion is very long and coiled.
- An example is sweat glands
Acinar (Alveolar)
- Rounded, sac-like secretory portion.
- Small mucous glands along the urethra are an example.
Branched Acinar
- Multiple sac-like secretory parts enter the same duct.
- Sebaceous glands of the skin provide an example.
Compound Glands
- Ducts from several secretory units converge into larger ducts
Tubular
- Several elongated coiled secretory units and their ducts converge to form larger ducts. –Submucosal mucous glands (of Brunner) in the duodenum are an example.
Acinar (Alveolar)
- Several sac-like secretory units with small ducts converge at a larger duct.
- The exocrine pancreas is an example.
Tubuloacinar
- Features ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units converging at larger ducts.
- Salivary glands are an example.
Exocrine vs Endocrine Glands
Classifying Exocrine Glands
- Key points for classifying exocrine glands required
Exocrine Glands - Manner of Secretions
Merocrine Glands
- They secrete via exocytosis.
- The cell remains unharmed and intact during the secretion process.
Holocrine Glands
- The disintegration of cells releases contents that become the secretion.
Apocrine Glands
- It involves pinching off of the apical portion of secretory cells.
Acne Vulgaris
- Often arises from blocked ducts in sebaceous glands.
- It is usually from excessive sebum and keratin production induced by puberty's hormonal changes.
Types of Exocrine Secretion
Types of Exocrine Glands - Secretions
- Mucous
- Serous
- Seromucous or Mixed
Endocrine Glands
- Lack myoepithelial cells.
- They are specialized for steroid or protein hormone synthesis.
- Proteins are released by exocytosis.
- Steroids are released via diffusion through the cell membrane.
Epithelial Transport
Epithelial Cell Renewal
- Most epithelial cells are in a continuously renewing cell population.
- Epithelial cells in more complex glands and the liver belong to a stable cell population.
- It exhibits little mitotic activity.
- These cells only divide when stimulated in response to injury.
- Replacement cells are produced by mitotic activity of self-maintaining adult stem cells.
Features for Naming Epithelia
- Cellular features used include the shape of cells in the basal layer and the number of cell layers.
Exocrine Glands: Acini & Secretion
- All exocrine gland acini produce a secretion of heavily glycosylated, hydrophilic proteins.
- These are an example of mucous glands.
Next Session
- There will be a quiz on Unit 2, Epithelial Tissues.
- Study Chapter 4 of Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas.
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Description
Study of Epithelial cells, covering/lining epithelia, and secretory epithelia. Focus on macromolecule-producing cells within epithelia. Overview of the types and function of secretory cells, and renewal of epithelial cells.