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Questions and Answers
What are the three key issues dealt with in epistemology?
What are the three key issues dealt with in epistemology?
According to the traditional account of knowledge, a person knows something if their belief is true and justified.
According to the traditional account of knowledge, a person knows something if their belief is true and justified.
True
What is epistemology?
What is epistemology?
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that concerns itself with knowledge and cognition.
What famous problem in epistemology is discussed due to luck in belief formation?
What famous problem in epistemology is discussed due to luck in belief formation?
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What languages were taught in classical education during this period?
What languages were taught in classical education during this period?
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Who were the pioneers of the monitorial system of education in the 19th century in England?
Who were the pioneers of the monitorial system of education in the 19th century in England?
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Who put forth an influential attack on progressive education by advocating for 'cultural literacy' in the education system?
Who put forth an influential attack on progressive education by advocating for 'cultural literacy' in the education system?
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John Dewey believed that schools should encourage children to 'Learn by ______.'
John Dewey believed that schools should encourage children to 'Learn by ______.'
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Horace Mann of Massachusetts advocated for universal, non-sectarian, and free education in the United States.
Horace Mann of Massachusetts advocated for universal, non-sectarian, and free education in the United States.
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President Donald Trump signed the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act.
President Donald Trump signed the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act.
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What type of methodology does strengths-based education use to empower students?
What type of methodology does strengths-based education use to empower students?
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Match the following educational reformers with their contributions:
Match the following educational reformers with their contributions:
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What are some of the faculties and sources of knowledge mentioned in the text?
What are some of the faculties and sources of knowledge mentioned in the text?
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In what century did Ronald Reagan's efforts involve reducing or eliminating the United States Department of Education in the 19______s?
In what century did Ronald Reagan's efforts involve reducing or eliminating the United States Department of Education in the 19______s?
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According to Descartes, what strategy did he adopt to acquire knowledge?
According to Descartes, what strategy did he adopt to acquire knowledge?
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Descartes stated that for any given ______, unless we can eliminate the possibility of being deceived by a powerful demon, we cannot rightly claim to know that it is true. From Descartes' perspective, it does not matter if our perception, reason, memory, and testimony lead us astray. What matters is that we have eliminated all the doubts that can possibly be raised against it.
Descartes stated that for any given ______, unless we can eliminate the possibility of being deceived by a powerful demon, we cannot rightly claim to know that it is true. From Descartes' perspective, it does not matter if our perception, reason, memory, and testimony lead us astray. What matters is that we have eliminated all the doubts that can possibly be raised against it.
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According to Descartes, it doesn't matter if perception, reason, memory, and testimony sometimes lead us astray in determining truth.
According to Descartes, it doesn't matter if perception, reason, memory, and testimony sometimes lead us astray in determining truth.
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Match the following educational practices with their descriptions:
Match the following educational practices with their descriptions:
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What is the name given to the goal of changing public education?
What is the name given to the goal of changing public education?
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Study Notes
Epistemology and Education
- Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that concerns itself with knowledge and cognition.
- A teacher operates with knowledge by many means, creates new knowledge, and needs to understand the deeper foundations of it.
Recent Development in Educational Practices
- In the past, education in Singapore focused on transmitting information, with students absorbing facts, data, theories, methods, and formulas for examinations.
- However, this approach was ineffective, and students were not critical thinkers or problem solvers.
- Since the 1970s, education researchers have developed programmers and methods specifically designed to ensure learning takes place through active critical thought.
- In the last five years, there has been a greater emphasis on teaching and learning process skills, such as critical thinking, creative thinking, writing, and data analysis, in the school curriculum.
Key Issues and Ideas in Epistemology
- Epistemology deals with three key issues: what is knowledge, what are the best and most secure ways of acquiring knowledge, and what is the value of knowledge?
- The traditional account of knowledge is based on the following specifications: S knows that P if and only if S believes that P, S's belief that P is justified, and P is true.
Problems of School Reform
- Education reform is the goal of changing public education, historically taking different forms due to varied motivations.
- Since the 1980s, education reform has focused on changing the existing system from one focused on inputs to one focused on outputs (i.e., student achievement).
- Education reform in the United States acknowledges and encourages public education as the primary source of K-12 education for American youth.
Some Implications for Educators
- Educators should teach students how to determine whether a particular piece of information counts as genuine knowledge or not, how to determine whether a particular piece of information has been acquired in the proper ways, and how to evaluate the value of knowledge.
- Epistemology influences teaching approaches and the use of technology in education.
Epistemology and Theories of Learning
- Theories of learning, such as behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, social, and constructivist, have implications for teaching approaches and the use of technology in education.### Education Reform Throughout History
- Education reform has been an ongoing process, driven by various motivations and ideologies, such as reducing costs, promoting social goals, and meeting the needs of the child.
Ancient Times to the 1800s
- In ancient times, education reform focused on reducing the expense of a classical education.
- In Victorian schools, commercially useful topics like modern languages and mathematics were taught instead of classical subjects like Latin and Greek.
19th Century
- Reformers like John Dewey and Anton Makarenko aimed to improve education based on scientific, humanistic, pragmatic, or democratic principles.
- Kindergarten was invented in Prussia to teach a national language to young children.
- In England, charity schools and grammar schools were established to provide education to the poor and middle class.
20th Century
- Progressive reforms in Europe and the US emphasized child-centered education, hands-on learning, and social efficiency.
- Horace Mann advocated for public education in the US, emphasizing its importance for social efficiency, civic virtue, and character development.
- John Dewey introduced experiential education, where students learn by doing, and criticized traditional education for being too theoretical.
Administrative Progressives
- Administrative progressives in the US implemented reforms like counseling programs, centralized high schools, electives, and standardized curricula.
Late 20th and Early 21st Century
- Education reforms in the US during the civil rights era focused on desegregation, busing, affirmative action, and banning school prayer.
- In the 1980s, reforms shifted to the right, with an emphasis on higher standards, accountability, and academic achievement.
- E.D. Hirsch advocated for cultural literacy, emphasizing the importance of core knowledge for communication and understanding.
- In the 1990s and 2000s, Outcome-Based Education (OBE) and standards-based reform became prominent, culminating in the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.
- Recent reforms have focused on state-level control, school choice, and limiting federal government involvement in education.### Trump Administration
- Criticized 2010 Common Core States Standard, advocating for state and local governments to have more responsibilities over education policies
- Appointed Betsy DeVos as education secretary, who also supported leaving education to state governments under new K-12 legislation
- DeVos cited federal government's interventionist approach to education policy following the signing of the ESSA
Modernizing the Education System
- Many institutions, including government, higher education, healthcare, and mass media, need to upgrade from traditional to digital information economy
- Non-traditional entities like school districts, libraries, and museums, and for-profit organizations will emerge as higher education providers
- Initiatives like innovative cooperation between federal and state governments, educators, and the business sector are underway to deal with concerns
Pathways to Technology Early College High School (P-TECH)
- Six-year program launched in cooperation with IBM, educators from three cities in New York, Chicago, and Connecticut, and over 400 businesses
- Offers students high school and associate programs focusing on STEM curriculum
High School Involvement Partnership
- Established through the help of Northrop Grumman, a global security firm
- Has assisted over 7,000 high school students (juniors and seniors) since 1971 through one-on-one coaching and exposure to STEM areas and careers
Higher Education
- Regarded as exceptional worldwide, but has concerns regarding expensive and quality education, unimpressive completion rates, and increasing student debt
- Proposals for federal reforms include making institutions liable for students' non-attendance or dropping out of school, changing the accreditation process, and allowing access to free education
Strengths-based Education
- Values purposeful engagement in activities that turn students into self-reliant and efficient learners
- Believes that every individual possesses natural gifts that are unique to their personality and can cope with difficulties despite their age
Career and Technical Education
- President Donald Trump signed the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act (HR 2353) on July 31, 2018, reauthorizing the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act, a $1.2 billion program
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Description
This quiz covers the key concepts and ideas in epistemology and its relation to education. It explores the definition of epistemology and its significance in higher education.
