Epilepsy
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Questions and Answers

What initiates the generation of an action potential in a neuron?

  • Calcium ion influx
  • Chloride ion influx
  • Sodium ion influx (correct)
  • Potassium ion efflux

Which of the following is a common treatment for epilepsy?

  • Opioids
  • Antidepressants
  • Anti-Epileptic Drugs (correct)
  • Antibiotics

What role does calcium play at the axon terminal of a neuron?

  • Causes neurotransmitter release (correct)
  • Prevents action potential generation
  • Triggers neuron depolarization
  • Inhibits neurotransmitter release

Which of the following is NOT a cause of seizures?

<p>Frequent hydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is included among the Anti-Epileptic Drugs mentioned?

<p>Benzodiazepines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common gastrointestinal adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs?

<p>Abdominal cramps and loss of appetite (B), Nausea and vomiting (C), Diarrhea and dry mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug-related issue is associated with oral health in children with epilepsy?

<p>Gingival enlargement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern when managing dental care for epileptic children?

<p>The risk of seizures during procedures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group conducted a study on the oral health considerations for epileptic children?

<p>Goswami, Johar, and Khokhar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary medical cause of seizures highlighted in the literature?

<p>Tumors and infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of medication that may influence dental treatments?

<p>Xerostomia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may require modifications in dental treatment due to its impact on healing?

<p>Poor oral hygiene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended chairside positioning for patients experiencing a medical emergency during a dental appointment?

<p>Semi-reclined (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consideration should be taken into account for enhancing the appointment environment?

<p>Shorter appointments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use aspiration techniques during local anaesthesia?

<p>To avoid injecting into blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dental condition is most likely to be a contraindication for certain medications?

<p>Gingival hyperplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation would continuous monitoring be essential during a dental procedure?

<p>For patients with a history of seizures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common dental treatment challenge faced by patients with acid reflux?

<p>Tooth erosion from acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Seizure

A sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, sensation, and/or muscle activity.

Epilepsy

A neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures, often caused by abnormal brain activity.

Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs)

Drugs used to control seizures in people with epilepsy by reducing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Action Potential

The process by which a neuron generates an electrical signal that travels along its axon.

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Benzodiazepines

A type of AED that belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs, often used to treat seizures quickly.

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What is a seizure?

A sudden and uncontrolled surge of electrical activity in the brain, leading to temporary alterations in behavior, sensation, or movement.

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What is epilepsy?

A chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, due to abnormal brain activity.

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What are antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)?

These medications are specifically designed to reduce the frequency and intensity of seizures in individuals with epilepsy.

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What are benzodiazepines?

These drugs are often used to control seizures quickly, particularly when a seizure is actively occurring or imminent.

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What are the potential gastrointestinal side effects of AEDs?

These drugs, designed to treat epilepsy, can sometimes impact the gastrointestinal system, causing side effects like nausea, vomiting, or indigestion.

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Dental Treatment Modifications

Involves providing dental care to patients with medical conditions that might impact their dental treatment.

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Oral Trauma

This includes any damage to the teeth, gums, or jaw. It requires special attention to minimize further injury and pain during dental procedures.

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Xerostomia

This refers to the dryness of the mouth, often caused by medications or medical conditions. It can affect the effectiveness of dental treatments.

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Gingival Hyperplasia

This refers to the excessive growth of gum tissue, often caused by medications or medical conditions. It can obstruct dental procedures.

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Seizure Protocol

A plan prepared in case of a seizure during dental appointments, involving specific steps and medical equipment to manage the situation.

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Emergency Kit/Drugs

A selection of medication and equipment designed to address immediate needs in a medical emergency during dental treatment.

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Post-Seizure Care

Care provided after a seizure episode, ensuring the patient's safety and recovery before resuming further dental procedures.

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Study Notes

Epilepsy Mechanism

  • Neuron depolarization begins with sodium ion influx, creating an action potential.
  • Action potentials trigger calcium influx at axon terminals.
  • Calcium influx causes neurotransmitter release into synapses.
  • Neurotransmitters bind to receptors, initiating new action potentials.

Epilepsy Causes

  • Genetic predisposition is a factor in inherited conditions.
  • Structural brain abnormalities like tumors or scars can cause seizures.
  • Other triggers include strokes, infections (e.g., meningitis), and head injuries.
  • Metabolic imbalances such as hypoglycemia and electrolyte imbalances can also cause seizures.

Epilepsy: Common and Serious Neurological Condition

  • Epilepsy is a common and serious neurological condition.
  • It causes frequent seizures.

Epilepsy Treatment

  • Anti-epileptic drugs like benzodiazepines are common treatments.
  • These drugs quickly enter the bloodstream and prevent seizures.
  • Common examples include Lorazepam, Diazepam, and Clorazepam.

Dental Implications of Epilepsy

  • Oral trauma is possible during seizures, causing soft tissue damage, attrition, TMJ problems, and broken or knocked-out teeth.
  • Medication side effects like xerostomia (dry mouth), gingival hyperplasia (excessive gum tissue), and acid reflux can affect oral health.
  • Patient susceptibility to oral problems can exist due to poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, and tooth decay.

Dental Treatment Modifications for Epilepsy Patients

  • Pre-appointment medical history and medication review is crucial.
  • Treatment scheduling should consider seizure potential.
  • Chairside positioning, sharp instrument use, and mouth prop considerations should be considered.
  • Continuous monitoring, including a seizure response plan, is essential.
  • Quiet, low-stress environments and shorter appointments are preferred.
  • A medical emergency plan, including medication and post-seizure care, must be available.

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Related Documents

Epilepsy_S24 PDF - Dental Treatment Modifications

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