Epilepsy Drug Dosage and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum dose of diazepam that can be administered per minute?

  • 1 mg/min
  • 5 mg/min (correct)
  • 10 mg/min
  • 2 mg/min

Why should benzodiazepines not be mixed with other medications in the same syringe?

  • To prevent overdose
  • To enhance efficacy
  • To prevent precipitate formation (correct)
  • To reduce cost

What is the primary purpose of ECG monitoring during benzodiazepine administration?

  • To monitor seizure activity
  • To monitor respiratory rate
  • To monitor blood pressure
  • To monitor heart rate and detect bradycardia (correct)

What is the recommended dosage of diazepam for status epilepticus?

<p>Red at 10- to 15 mg intervals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms?

<p>Rebound anxiety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common neurologic adverse effect of benzodiazepines?

<p>Drowsiness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines in preventing seizure activity?

<p>Enhancing the effects of GABA in the postsynaptic clefts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following benzodiazepines is approved for oral treatment of absence, akinetic, and myoclonic seizures in children?

<p>Clonazepam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the administration route for diazepam and lorazepam in treating status epilepticus?

<p>Intravenous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of clorazepate in treating seizures?

<p>As an adjunctive therapy for partial seizures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the nasal spray formulation of diazepam used to treat seizure clusters?

<p>Valtoco (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased levels of GABA on the chloride channel?

<p>Opening the chloride channel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of action of the hydantoins?

<p>Motor cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the hydantoins blocking voltage-gated sodium channels?

<p>Reduced sustained neuronal discharges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended rate of administration of diazepam?

<p>5 mg/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is fosphenytoin particularly useful in certain situations?

<p>It can be loaded quickly, making it useful when rapid administration is necessary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to administer phenytoin through a large vein or as an IV piggyback?

<p>To prevent irritation to small veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of phenytoin in toxic concentrations?

<p>Seizure induction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using an ECG monitor during the administration of diazepam or lorazepam?

<p>To monitor for bradycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of benzodiazepines that patients should be cautioned about?

<p>Blurred vision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of the hydantoins in terms of seizure treatment?

<p>Treating generalized tonic-clonic seizures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications can increase the toxic effects of diazepam?

<p>Analgesics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of cigarette smoking on benzodiazepine use?

<p>Increased metabolism of benzodiazepines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between seizure clusters and status epilepticus?

<p>The duration of seizure activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of performing a baseline assessment of a patient's speech patterns, degree of alertness, and orientation?

<p>To monitor the patient's behavioral responses to therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a therapeutic outcome expected from benzodiazepine therapy?

<p>Reduced injury from seizure activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reviewing the patient's medical record in the premedication assessment?

<p>To document the frequency of seizure activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for performing a review of routine blood studies in the premedication assessment?

<p>To detect blood dyscrasias and hepatotoxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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