Epilepsy and Seizure Types Quiz

<p>Myoclonic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duration of the seizure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxiety, fear, and emotional changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family history of epilepsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent absence seizures in children, typically with a good prognosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive electrical activity due to an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epilepsy is a brain disorder, while a seizure is a symptom of this disorder. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent absence seizures in children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate electrical activity in the brain, reducing the likelihood of seizures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myoclonic jerks, typically in the morning, with a strong genetic component (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific set of clinical features that define a unique type of epilepsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden increase in body temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focal and Generalized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vagus nerve stimulator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EEG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Call the emergency services immediately (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keep a diary of seizures and triggers, and avoid those triggers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drowsiness and fatigue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenytoin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenytoin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenobarbital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diplopia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Missing AED doses can trigger seizures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tiagabine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of synaptic vesicle protein 2A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amnesia for the event (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment of status epilepticus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin rash (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zonisamide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence or absence of memory loss during the seizure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taking herbal supplements to control seizures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valproate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After two years of seizure-free periods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzyme Inducers and Enzyme Inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consider adding another AED to the regimen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient has developed an allergy to the AED (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradually withdraw the old AED once the new regimen is established (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient reports significant improvement in seizure frequency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbamazepine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A brain disorder characterized by two or more unprovoked seizures.

A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain.

The abnormal electrical activity due to neurotransmitter imbalances.

A specific set of clinical features defining a unique type of epilepsy.

Characterized by frequent absence seizures in children with a good prognosis.

A severe form of epilepsy with multiple seizure types and poor prognosis.

Features myoclonic jerks typically in the morning with genetic links.

Variables that increase the likelihood of developing epilepsy.

Seizures are classified by onset, awareness level, and movement involvement.

Physical symptoms include myoclonus, clonic, tonic, and atonic movements.

Symptoms that do not involve physical movements, such as absence seizures.

Diagnosis often includes EEGs and medical imaging to identify seizure types.

Includes lifestyle changes, diet (like ketogenic), and therapy.

Medications that help control seizures by affecting neurotransmitters or channels.

Common side effects include dizziness, fatigue, and mood changes.

Medications used to prevent seizures in epilepsy.

Nausea, dizziness, sleepiness, irritability, mood changes.

Includes hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, and cleft palate risk.

Diplopia, bruising, jaundice, and bone thinning risk.

May cause fever, rash, and multiorgan abnormalities.

Categorization based on seizure onset, awareness, and movement involvement.

Drugs that increase GABA activity to help control seizures and prevent excitatory signals.

Drugs that inhibit calcium channels to decrease calcium influx, thereby reducing seizure activity.

Non-pharmacological approaches that include stress management, healthy sleep, and avoiding triggers.

The potential for a patient to react to multiple antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin and carbamazepine due to a shared mechanism.

Once diagnosed with epilepsy, begin the medication at a low dose, adjusting upwards based on response, which can take weeks or months to reach the maintenance dose.

Gradually withdraw antiepileptic drugs after at least 2 years seizure-free, doing this one drug at a time.

Drugs like phenytoin and carbamazepine that speed up enzyme activity, potentially reducing effectiveness of other contraceptives.

Valproate increases the risk of neural tube defects in fetuses by disrupting folate metabolism during pregnancy.

Essential when taking antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy to minimize risk of neural tube defects and bleeding in newborns.

If seizures persist, switch or add a new antiepileptic drug and withdraw the old one carefully.

AED may fail due to irregular intake, changes in epilepsy condition, or desensitization to the medication.

A neurological disorder marked by recurrent unprovoked seizures.

Include small size at birth, seizures in the first month, and brain structure problems.

Diagnosis is conducted through assessments like EEG and CT/MRI scans.

Can include learning difficulties, injury from accidents, and mood problems.

Includes surgery to remove seizure-causing areas or implanting a vagus nerve stimulator.

Avoid triggers, keep a seizure diary, and manage medications properly.

A medical emergency when seizures last over 5 minutes or multiple seizures occur without regaining consciousness.

1 in 3 people with epilepsy have a family history of the condition.