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Questions and Answers

What is epigenetics defined as?

  • A change in gene sequence due to chemical modifications
  • A change in nucleotide sequence impacting gene expression
  • An alteration in DNA structure leading to variation in gene expression
  • A heritable change in gene expression not related to nucleotide sequence variation (correct)

    • How are CPG islands defined?

  • Nucleotide sequences rich in cytosines and guanines, usually located in the promotor regions upstream of genes (correct)
  • Nucleotide sequences with a high density of adenines and thymines
  • Nucleotide sequences with a high density of uracils
  • Nucleotide sequences with a high density of thymine and cytosine

    • What is the biochemical basis of epigenetics related to?

  • Variation in nucleotide sequence impacting gene expression
  • The number of chromosomes in a cell
  • Readability of genes based on chromatin structure and chemical modifications of histones (correct)
  • The size of the nucleotide sequence

    • What leads to gene 'switched off' state?

    <p>Methylated cytosines and deacetylated histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In X chromosome inactivation, which of the following is true?

    <p>Subsequent DNA methylation is what makes X-inactivation permanent in all daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about imprinting is true?

    <p>Imprinted genes are shut down in a parent-of-origin specific manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding X-inactivation, which is NOT true?

    <p>X-inactivation occurs in all cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about biallelic expression?

    <p>Both alleles of a gene are expressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about monoallelic expression?

    <p>Only one of the two alleles is expressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of skewed X-inactivation in women?

    <p>Increased risk of X-linked disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true about Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)?

    <p>It is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about epigenetics?

    <p>Methylation of CpG dinucleotides is a primary epigenetic factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Epigenetics Overview

    • Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence.
    • It involves mechanisms that regulate gene activity, affecting how genes are turned on or off.

    CPG Islands

    • CPG islands are regions of DNA with a high frequency of cytosine and guanine nucleotides occurring adjacent to each other.
    • Often found near gene promoters, these regions are important for gene regulation.

    Biochemical Basis

    • The biochemical basis of epigenetics is related to modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modification.
    • These modifications can alter chromatin structure, thereby influencing gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

    Gene 'Switched Off' State

    • A gene may be 'switched off' due to hypermethylation of its promoter region, which prevents transcription factors from binding and initiating gene expression.

    X Chromosome Inactivation

    • In X chromosome inactivation, one of the two X chromosomes in females is randomly inactivated to ensure dosage compensation between males and females.
    • It ensures that females and males have similar gene dosage from X-linked genes.

    Imprinting

    • Genomic imprinting involves the differential expression of genes depending on their parental origin, where only one allele is expressed while the other is silenced.

    X-inactivation Truths

    • The statement that "one X chromosome is inactivated in females" is true regarding X-inactivation.
    • A common misconception is that all genes on the inactive X chromosome are completely silenced, whereas some escape inactivation.

    Biallelic and Monoallelic Expression

    • Biallelic expression refers to the expression of both alleles of a gene, ensuring that both parental contributions are utilized in protein production.
    • Monoallelic expression occurs when only one allele of a gene is expressed, commonly seen in imprinted genes and certain cases of X-inactivation.

    Skewed X-inactivation in Women

    • Skewed X-inactivation can lead to an overexpression or underexpression of X-linked genes, potentially contributing to varying phenotypic traits or diseases in women.

    Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

    • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness, primarily affecting males due to mutations in the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome.

    General Facts about Epigenetics

    • Epigenetic mechanisms can influence development, differentiation, and responses to environmental factors.
    • These changes can be reversible and potentially passed on to subsequent generations, impacting health and disease susceptibility.

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    Related Documents

    Genetics Flipped Lesson 7.PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of epigenetics with this quiz. Explore the concept of heritable changes in gene expression and the impact of chemical modifications on gene sequences. Understand how epigenetics is related to chromatin confirmation and its enduring effects on cell life.

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