PSL 250 Final Exam Learning Objectives

What is the most abundant cell type in the epidermis?

What is the function of melanin in the skin?

What is the function of tactile cells in the epidermis?

What is the role of epidermal dendritic cells in the epidermis?

What is the function of keratin in the skin?

In which layers of the epidermis are epidermal dendritic cells present?

What is the primary function of the thick filaments in the sarcomere?

Where are the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division located?

What is the role of tropomyosin in a noncontracting muscle?

What is the function of the protein dystrophin in the sarcomere?

What is the function of the sympathetic division?

What is the result of dual innervation of the same organ?

What is the purpose of the ATPase site in the myosin protein molecule?

What is the function of the thin filaments in the sarcomere?

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on heart rate?

What type of axons are characteristic of the parasympathetic division?

What is the role of the troponin protein in the sarcomere?

What is the role of the sympathetic division in times of stress?

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on motility in the gastrointestinal tract?

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?

What is the purpose of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart?

What is the primary function of sensory receptors?

What is the purpose of modality-gated channels in sensory receptors?

Which structure extends from the AV node into and through the interventricular septum?

What is the function of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?

What is the result of adaptation in sensory receptors?

What is the difference between tonic and phasic receptors in terms of adaptation?

What is the direction of blood flow in the systemic circulation?

Why is adaptation important in sensory receptors?

What is the result of the unidirectional flow of blood through the heart?

What is the primary function of the frontal lobe in the cerebrum?

Which lobe is responsible for processing incoming visual information and storing visual memories?

What is the primary function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Which lobe is involved in processing hearing and smell?

What is the function of the insula in the cerebrum?

What is the primary function of the parietal lobe in the cerebrum?

What is the primary mechanism by which the nervous system stimulates the release of hormones from endocrine glands?

What happens to hormones during enzymatic degradation?

What is the primary function of the kidneys in hormone elimination?

What is the role of target cells in hormone elimination?

What are the three main components of a centrifuged blood sample?

What is the result of the combined effects of enzymatic degradation, excretion, and uptake of hormones?

What is the approximate percentage of the total blood volume that plasma makes up?

What is the primary function of the hormone erythropoietin?

What is the name of the process by which new red blood cells are produced in the body?

Where does the process of erythropoiesis take place in the body?

What is the duration of the process of erythropoiesis?

What is the purpose of the buffy coat in the blood?

What is the main function of the right side of the heart?

What is the benefit of the separation of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood in the heart?

What is the shape of the heart?

What is the purpose of the valves between the atria and ventricles?

What is the size of the heart compared to a clenched fist?

What is the location of the heart in the body?

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

What is the role of the ureters in the urinary system?

What is the function of the urinary bladder in the urinary system?

What is the role of the kidneys in regulating blood pressure?

What is the role of the kidneys in the synthesis of calcitriol?

What is the overall function of the urinary system?

What is the primary function of secondary active transport in cells?

What is the key difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Which type of facilitated diffusion involves the movement of ions through specific water-filled protein channels?

What is the primary function of facilitated diffusion in cells?

Which type of transport process does not require the cell to expend energy?

What is the common characteristic of channel-mediated and carrier-mediated diffusion?

What is the primary function of positive feedback in the body?

What is the difference between a solute and a solvent?

What is the characteristic of a strong acid?

What is the result of dissociation of a compound in a solvent?

What is the role of an anion in a solution?

What is the difference between an acid and a base?

What is the primary function of melanin in the skin?

What is the second function of skeletal muscle in the human body?

What is the role of skeletal muscle in the elimination of materials?

What is the relationship between keratin and melanin in the integumentary system?

What is the primary function of skeletal muscle in the process of wound healing?

How does skeletal muscle produce heat in the body?

What is the primary function of the proteins that make up the thin filaments in the sarcomere?

Which protein covers the myosin binding sites in a noncontracting muscle?

What is the purpose of the ATPase site in the myosin protein molecule?

What is the function of the thick filaments in the sarcomere?

Which protein is responsible for anchoring myofibrils to proteins within the sarcolemma?

What is the function of the regulatory proteins in the thin filaments?

What is the term for the total amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute?

What is the electrical event that triggers the contraction of the atria?

What is the average resting value of cardiac output in liters per minute?

What is the term for the amount of blood ejected from the heart during one heartbeat?

What is the QRS complex on the ECG a reflection of?

What is the average resting value of heart rate in beats per minute?