Epidemiology & Surveillance of Neglected Tropical Diseases
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)?

  • Disproportionately affect women and children
  • Morbidity rather than mortality
  • Preventable through vector control and improved water quality
  • Primarily affect affluent communities (correct)

    • What is the primary mode of infection for Schistosomiasis?

  • Mosquito bite
  • Consumption of contaminated food or water (correct)
  • Airborne transmission
  • Direct contact with an infected person

    • Which environmental conditions are often related to the complex epidemiology of Neglected Tropical Diseases?

  • Tropical areas with poor sanitation (correct)
  • Dry desert environments
  • Mountainous regions
  • Temperate forest ecosystems

    • What is the causative agent of River blindness?

    <p>Onchocerca volvulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neglected tropical disease is associated with the parasitic worms Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides?

    <p>Trichuriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are many neglected tropical diseases preventable?

    <p>Through vector control and improved water quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Wucheria bancrofti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical vector for Brugia spp. filariasis?

    <p>Mosquito species in the genera Mansonia and Aedes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is lymphatic filariasis diagnosed?

    <p>Identification of microfilariae in a blood smear by microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region has the highest prevalence of onchocerciasis?

    <p>Sub-Saharan Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most serious manifestation of onchocerciasis?

    <p>Blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of schistosomiasis?

    <p>Schistosoma mansoni</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is schistosomiasis diagnosed?

    <p>Detection of parasite eggs in stool or urine specimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Elephantiasis' is commonly associated with which disease?

    <p>Lymphatic filariasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is responsible for river blindness?

    <p>Onchocerca volvulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for diagnosing onchoceriasis?

    <p>Skin snip – a 1 to 2 mg shaving or biopsy of the skin is done to identify larvae, which emerge from the skin snip and can be seen under a microscope when put in physiologic solutions (e.g. normal saline). Typically six snips are taken from different areas of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms associated with lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Severe lymphedema of the limbs and occasionally genitalia (hydrocele)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for prevention and control of lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Annual treatment of whole communities with combinations of drugs that kill the microfilariae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core strategy to eliminate onchocerciasis in Africa?

    <p>Community-directed treatment with ivermectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country has been verified by WHO as free of onchocerciasis after implementing elimination activities for decades?

    <p>Ecuador</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for diagnosing onchocerciasis?

    <p>Slit-lamp examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms associated with lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Swelling of the arms, legs, and scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of people worldwide infected with soil-transmitted helminth infections?

    <p>1.2 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neglected tropical disease is associated with Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides?

    <p>Trichuriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of infection for Schistosomiasis?

    <p>Skin penetration by larvae in contaminated water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of river blindness?

    <p><em>Onchocerca volvulus</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Elephantiasis' is commonly associated with which disease?

    <p><em>Lymphatic filariasis</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Migrating adult worms may cause symptomatic occlusion of the biliary tract' is a characteristic of which neglected tropical disease?

    <p><em>Ascariasis</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary vector for Brugia spp. filariasis?

    <p>Mosquitoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical vector for leishmaniasis?

    <p>Sandflies</p> Signup and view all the answers

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