Epidemiology: Point Prevalence and Prevalence Rate

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What does the point prevalence of a disease measure?

Frequency of the disease at a designated point in time (correct)
Prevalence rate of the disease over a period
Incidence rate of the disease over a period
Number of new cases of the disease at a designated point in time

How is point prevalence represented mathematically?

(Total number of all current cases of a specific disease) X 1000 / (Estimated total population) (correct)
(Total number of all current cases of a specific disease) X 100 / (Estimated total population)
(Total number of new cases of a specific disease) X 100 / (Estimated population at risk)
(Total number of new cases of a specific disease) X 1000 / (Estimated total population)

What does period prevalence express?

Total number of deaths due to a disease during a period
Total number of cases coming into existence during a period
Incidence rate over a specified period
Sum of point prevalence and incidence over a period (correct)

How is period prevalence defined?

Total number of existing cases of a specific disease during a defined period of time (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between point prevalence and period prevalence?

Point prevalence measures at one specific time, while period prevalence includes cases over a specified period. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does period prevalence relate to incidence?

It is higher than incidence (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what way can point prevalence be represented mathematically?

(Total number of new and old cases) X 100 / (Estimated total population) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does point prevalence represent?

Proportion of population with the disease at one specific time (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does incidence differ from point prevalence?

'Incidence' reflects the probability of developing a disease, while 'point prevalence' measures frequency at one specific time (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of incidence?

Number of new cases of a disease occurring in a defined population during a specific period of time (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is incidence usually expressed?

As cases per population per time (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Incidence Rate formula aim to calculate?

Rate of new cases per unit of population over a specific time period (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of incidence, what does an 'incidence rate' represent?

Rate of new cases arising in a specific time interval per unit population (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can incidence rate allow for an individual to be counted more than once as a case?

In conditions where recurrence is possible or common (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of incidence refers to the rate of new episodes of a disease arising in a population?

Episode incidence (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would episode incidence be particularly useful?

For conditions where previous episodes may be underreported (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Incidence' can range from zero to infinite. What does this indicate?

'Incidence' can have a wide spectrum of values (C) Signup and view all the answers

'Incidence rate' expresses the occurrence of new cases per unit time. In this context, what is meant by 'unit time'?

Specific time intervals such as days or months (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which formula represents 'Incidence rate' most accurately?

Incidence = New cases * 1000 / Population at risk (A) Signup and view all the answers