Epidemiology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What type of infection is primarily associated with direct contact with the organism?

  • Contact Infections (correct)
  • Animal Borne Diseases
  • Anthropoid Borne Diseases
  • Viral Infections

    • Which organism is responsible for transmission through the bite of an insect?

  • Virus
  • Fungi
  • Anthropoid Borne Diseases (correct)
  • Protozoa

    • Which of the following is NOT classified as an agent of disease?

  • Environmental factors (correct)
  • Bacteria
  • Anthropoid lice
  • Virus

    • What is an example of a contact infection?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by a protozoan?

    <p>Amoeba dysentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is spread through the air-borne or droplet route?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of diseases that are transmitted through the faeco-oral route?

    <p>They can be spread by consuming contaminated food or water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganism is not typically responsible for causing communicable diseases?

    <p>Mite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as an example of a communicable disease?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease can result from contamination of water sources by feces?

    <p>Dysentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of natural immunity?

    <p>It is independent of previous infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes acquired immunity from passive immunity?

    <p>Acquired immunity develops from exposure to infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a carrier in relation to disease?

    <p>They harbor and spread the organism without showing symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of passive immunity?

    <p>It is usually short-lived.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of surveillance in disease management?

    <p>To support effective control by observing the spread of infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the term 'sporadic' in the context of infectious diseases?

    <p>Isolated cases with no known connection among them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an infectious agent?

    <p>Vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an infection?

    <p>The entry and multiplication of an infectious agent causing cellular injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the incubation period best defined?

    <p>The duration between the entry of an infectious agent and the onset of symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'immunity' refer to in infectious disease context?

    <p>The processes in a host that prevent infection or re-infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a vector in epidemiological terms?

    <p>An animal or insect that carries organisms or parasites from one host to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes a reservoir in the context of infectious agents?

    <p>An entity that supports the survival and reproduction of infectious agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period can an infectious agent be transmitted from one person to another?

    <p>Period of communicability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of epidemiology?

    <p>The scientific study of factors influencing disease occurrence and distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term quarantine refer to in epidemiology?

    <p>An isolation period for those suspected of being infected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In epidemiological studies, what is a cohort?

    <p>Individuals who remain unaffected despite exposure to a risk factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an epidemic?

    <p>An outbreak of a disease affecting a large number of people over a wide area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best defines an endemic disease?

    <p>A disease that is constantly present within a locality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates an epidemic disease from regular infectious diseases?

    <p>Epidemic diseases spread rapidly and affect many people simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an example of which type of disease classification?

    <p>Epidemic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a contagious disease?

    <p>A disease that can be transmitted directly or nearly so from one person to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between a definitive host and an intermediate host?

    <p>A definitive host harbors the adult form of a parasite, while an intermediate host harbors the immature form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes latent infection?

    <p>Symptoms may subside while parasites remain dormant for variable periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately defines the mode of transmission?

    <p>It encompasses both direct and indirect methods by which infectious agents are spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used for diseases that pose significant public health problems and have multiple transmission methods?

    <p>Communicable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary level of prevention method?

    <p>Vaccination against infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of personal hygiene in primary prevention?

    <p>To avoid the onset of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a non-specific measure of primary prevention?

    <p>Vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining a clean environment important for the prevention of communicable diseases?

    <p>To prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary prevention method for environmental control?

    <p>Safe excretal and refuse disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of secondary level of prevention?

    <p>To detect diseases early and provide interventions to prevent progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of prevention focuses on individuals showing early signs of a disease?

    <p>Indicated prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes selective prevention?

    <p>Concentrates on those at above-average risk for disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does tertiary prevention aim to achieve?

    <p>Restoration of function and reduction of complications in established diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Universal prevention strategies are designed to:

    <p>Provide skills for disease prevention to the entire population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of communicable disease?

    <p>It is transmitted from a reservoir to a susceptible host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes an infected agent?

    <p>A microorganism that can cause infection or infectious disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reservoir of infection is NOT mentioned?

    <p>Meteorological conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of eliminating the reservoir of infection?

    <p>To treat infected individuals and stop the source of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can infections be characterized according to their entry into the body?

    <p>By their ability to multiply and cause cellular injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Epidemiology

    • Epidemiology is the scientific study of factors determining the occurrence and distribution of disease in a population.
    • It studies all connected factors, including the incidence and spread of diseases.

    Types of Disease Occurrence

    • Epidemic: A widespread outbreak of disease marked by severity and affecting a large number of people over a specific area. Examples include epidemics of small-pox and cholera, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
    • Epidemic disease: A disease affecting many people at the same time while spreading from person to person in a locality where the disease is not permanently prevalent.
    • Endemic: A constantly present communicable disease in a particular location. The disease condition is continually present or when there's a repeated outbreak throughout the year. Examples include malaria and onchocerciasis.

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    Description

    Explore the essentials of epidemiology, the scientific study of disease occurrence and distribution in populations. This quiz covers types of disease occurrence such as epidemics and endemics, along with real-world examples and implications for public health.

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