Podcast
Questions and Answers
Everyone walked the same amount of time, 2 hours, in the ______.
Everyone walked the same amount of time, 2 hours, in the ______.
snow
Relative risk measures reflect the increase in frequency of the ______ event in one population versus another.
Relative risk measures reflect the increase in frequency of the ______ event in one population versus another.
health
Pharmacoepidemiology studies are performed for ______ purposes, such as to obtain earlier approval for marketing.
Pharmacoepidemiology studies are performed for ______ purposes, such as to obtain earlier approval for marketing.
regulatory
Marketing strategies for pharmacoepidemiology studies include documenting the ______ of the drug.
Marketing strategies for pharmacoepidemiology studies include documenting the ______ of the drug.
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Pharmacoepidemiology studies are performed in ______ practice to test hypotheses and identify problems.
Pharmacoepidemiology studies are performed in ______ practice to test hypotheses and identify problems.
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The need to perform pharmacoepidemiology studies depends on whether it's a new ______ entity.
The need to perform pharmacoepidemiology studies depends on whether it's a new ______ entity.
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The disease to be treated is characterized by its ______, prevalence, severity, and availability of alternative therapies.
The disease to be treated is characterized by its ______, prevalence, severity, and availability of alternative therapies.
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Pharmacoepidemiology studies help to ______ the frequency of adverse reactions.
Pharmacoepidemiology studies help to ______ the frequency of adverse reactions.
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Epidemiology is the study of the various factors influencing the occurrence, distribution, prevention, and control of ______ in a defined human population.
Epidemiology is the study of the various factors influencing the occurrence, distribution, prevention, and control of ______ in a defined human population.
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Pharmacoepidemiology is the branch of ______ that studies the use and effect of medicines in specific populations.
Pharmacoepidemiology is the branch of ______ that studies the use and effect of medicines in specific populations.
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Pharmacoepidemiology involves the following disciplines; ______, pharmacologists, medicine, biostatics, computer programming, and administrative data.
Pharmacoepidemiology involves the following disciplines; ______, pharmacologists, medicine, biostatics, computer programming, and administrative data.
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[Blank] is the mechanism by which an isolated factor leads to a medical condition.
[Blank] is the mechanism by which an isolated factor leads to a medical condition.
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Some examples of applications of pharmacoepidemiology are to ______ the use and effects of medicines in populations.
Some examples of applications of pharmacoepidemiology are to ______ the use and effects of medicines in populations.
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Pharmacoepidemiology studies the relationships between ______, diseases, and medicines.
Pharmacoepidemiology studies the relationships between ______, diseases, and medicines.
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[Blank] is a basic concept of pharmacoepidemiology that includes risk estimates and study types.
[Blank] is a basic concept of pharmacoepidemiology that includes risk estimates and study types.
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Pharmacoepidemiology involves the use of ______ data to study the occurrence of diseases.
Pharmacoepidemiology involves the use of ______ data to study the occurrence of diseases.
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Epidemiological studies can be classified into two main categories: ______________ and non-experimental studies.
Epidemiological studies can be classified into two main categories: ______________ and non-experimental studies.
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The United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is an example of collecting data in the ______________.
The United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is an example of collecting data in the ______________.
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Clinical data can be used to perform additional analyses on specific subgroups of patients, also known as ______________ analysis.
Clinical data can be used to perform additional analyses on specific subgroups of patients, also known as ______________ analysis.
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Epidemiological studies can use retrospective observational data from sources such as claims submitted to ______________ companies.
Epidemiological studies can use retrospective observational data from sources such as claims submitted to ______________ companies.
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Retrospective observational data can contain a variety of information about any disease, medical procedure, treatment, and associated cost within a specific ______________ system.
Retrospective observational data can contain a variety of information about any disease, medical procedure, treatment, and associated cost within a specific ______________ system.
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Epidemiologists can collect data in the ______________ to build an observational study.
Epidemiologists can collect data in the ______________ to build an observational study.
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Clinical data can be used to combine multiple sets of clinical trials to obtain a summary of all available evidence regarding a specific treatment, also known as ______________ analysis.
Clinical data can be used to combine multiple sets of clinical trials to obtain a summary of all available evidence regarding a specific treatment, also known as ______________ analysis.
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Epidemiological studies can be classified into two categories based on the timing of the assessment: ______________ and retrospective studies.
Epidemiological studies can be classified into two categories based on the timing of the assessment: ______________ and retrospective studies.
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Study Notes
Types of Epidemiological Studies
- Experimental studies and non-experimental studies differ in whether the exposure is pre-determined or not
- Prospective studies and retrospective studies differ in how the assessment is done with regards to time
Data used in Pharmacoepidemiological Research
- Clinical data is used to perform additional analyses on specific subgroups of patients and combine multiple sets of clinical trials
- Field data is collected in the field to build an observational study, such as the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- Retrospective observational data is from sources like claims submitted to health insurance companies, electronic medical records, or medical chart reviews
Risk Rate
- Everyone is exposed to risk factors for different amounts of time in real life
- Risk rate measures the frequency of a health event in a population over a specific period of time
Relative Risk
- Relative risk measures the increase in frequency of a health event in one population versus another
- The unexposed population is treated as the baseline to measure the strength of an association between exposure and disease
Reasons to Perform Pharmacoepidemiology Studies
- Regulatory purposes: to obtain earlier approval for marketing and respond to regulatory agencies
- Marketing: to document the safety of a drug, increase name recognition, and assist in repositioning the drug
- Clinical practice: to test hypotheses, quantify the frequency of adverse reactions, and understand the disease being treated
Definition of Epidemiology
- Epidemiology is the study of the factors influencing the occurrence, distribution, prevention, and control of disease, injury, and other health-related events in a defined human population
- Epidemiologists provide input in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of results
Pharmacoepidemiology
- Pharmacoepidemiology is the branch of epidemiology that studies the use and effect of medicines in specific populations
- It involves studying the relationships between patients, diseases, and medicines
- Applications include monitoring the use and effects of medicines, measuring the occurrence of diseases, and studying the natural history of diseases
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Description
Learn about the different types of epidemiological studies, including experimental, non-experimental, prospective, and retrospective studies. Understand the key differences and applications of each.
