Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
Everyone walked the same amount of time, 2 hours, in the ______.
snow
Relative risk measures reflect the increase in frequency of the ______ event in one population versus another.
health
Pharmacoepidemiology studies are performed for ______ purposes, such as to obtain earlier approval for marketing.
regulatory
Marketing strategies for pharmacoepidemiology studies include documenting the ______ of the drug.
Signup and view all the answers
Pharmacoepidemiology studies are performed in ______ practice to test hypotheses and identify problems.
Signup and view all the answers
The need to perform pharmacoepidemiology studies depends on whether it's a new ______ entity.
Signup and view all the answers
The disease to be treated is characterized by its ______, prevalence, severity, and availability of alternative therapies.
Signup and view all the answers
Pharmacoepidemiology studies help to ______ the frequency of adverse reactions.
Signup and view all the answers
Epidemiology is the study of the various factors influencing the occurrence, distribution, prevention, and control of ______ in a defined human population.
Signup and view all the answers
Pharmacoepidemiology is the branch of ______ that studies the use and effect of medicines in specific populations.
Signup and view all the answers
Pharmacoepidemiology involves the following disciplines; ______, pharmacologists, medicine, biostatics, computer programming, and administrative data.
Signup and view all the answers
[Blank] is the mechanism by which an isolated factor leads to a medical condition.
Signup and view all the answers
Some examples of applications of pharmacoepidemiology are to ______ the use and effects of medicines in populations.
Signup and view all the answers
Pharmacoepidemiology studies the relationships between ______, diseases, and medicines.
Signup and view all the answers
[Blank] is a basic concept of pharmacoepidemiology that includes risk estimates and study types.
Signup and view all the answers
Pharmacoepidemiology involves the use of ______ data to study the occurrence of diseases.
Signup and view all the answers
Epidemiological studies can be classified into two main categories: ______________ and non-experimental studies.
Signup and view all the answers
The United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is an example of collecting data in the ______________.
Signup and view all the answers
Clinical data can be used to perform additional analyses on specific subgroups of patients, also known as ______________ analysis.
Signup and view all the answers
Epidemiological studies can use retrospective observational data from sources such as claims submitted to ______________ companies.
Signup and view all the answers
Retrospective observational data can contain a variety of information about any disease, medical procedure, treatment, and associated cost within a specific ______________ system.
Signup and view all the answers
Epidemiologists can collect data in the ______________ to build an observational study.
Signup and view all the answers
Clinical data can be used to combine multiple sets of clinical trials to obtain a summary of all available evidence regarding a specific treatment, also known as ______________ analysis.
Signup and view all the answers
Epidemiological studies can be classified into two categories based on the timing of the assessment: ______________ and retrospective studies.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Types of Epidemiological Studies
- Experimental studies and non-experimental studies differ in whether the exposure is pre-determined or not
- Prospective studies and retrospective studies differ in how the assessment is done with regards to time
Data used in Pharmacoepidemiological Research
- Clinical data is used to perform additional analyses on specific subgroups of patients and combine multiple sets of clinical trials
- Field data is collected in the field to build an observational study, such as the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- Retrospective observational data is from sources like claims submitted to health insurance companies, electronic medical records, or medical chart reviews
Risk Rate
- Everyone is exposed to risk factors for different amounts of time in real life
- Risk rate measures the frequency of a health event in a population over a specific period of time
Relative Risk
- Relative risk measures the increase in frequency of a health event in one population versus another
- The unexposed population is treated as the baseline to measure the strength of an association between exposure and disease
Reasons to Perform Pharmacoepidemiology Studies
- Regulatory purposes: to obtain earlier approval for marketing and respond to regulatory agencies
- Marketing: to document the safety of a drug, increase name recognition, and assist in repositioning the drug
- Clinical practice: to test hypotheses, quantify the frequency of adverse reactions, and understand the disease being treated
Definition of Epidemiology
- Epidemiology is the study of the factors influencing the occurrence, distribution, prevention, and control of disease, injury, and other health-related events in a defined human population
- Epidemiologists provide input in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of results
Pharmacoepidemiology
- Pharmacoepidemiology is the branch of epidemiology that studies the use and effect of medicines in specific populations
- It involves studying the relationships between patients, diseases, and medicines
- Applications include monitoring the use and effects of medicines, measuring the occurrence of diseases, and studying the natural history of diseases
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the different types of epidemiological studies, including experimental, non-experimental, prospective, and retrospective studies. Understand the key differences and applications of each.
