EPA 608 Core Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What is a compound gauge?

Can only be used for low pressures - Has different unit scales

According to EPA regulations, system flushing with refrigerants is allowed.

False

What elements does a CFC contain?

Chlorine, fluorine, carbon

What color is a CFC-11 cylinder?

<p>Orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is an HFC-134a cylinder?

<p>Sky blue or pale blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a chlorine atom combine with to form?

<p>Chlorine Monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What elements does an HCFC contain?

<p>Hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

What elements does an HFC contain?

<p>Hydrogen, fluorine, carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alkylbenzene lubricants are associated with?

<p>Ternary blends</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must all appliances manufactured or imported into the United States be equipped with?

<p>A service aperture or device to enable the removal of refrigerant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is a recovery cylinder?

<p>Gray with yellow top</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum fill level for a refillable cylinder?

<p>80% of its liquid weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a refrigerant heated above its boiling point called?

<p>Superheated</p> Signup and view all the answers

A refrigeration system should not be recovered unless a gauge indicates a minimum pressure of _________ Psig within the system.

<p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

Any vapor refrigerant vented from the top of a graduated charging cylinder while filling the cylinder with liquid must be recovered.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

As of January 1st, 1996, it is legal to import or manufacture CFCs in the United States.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Recovery equipment manufactured after November 15, 1993, must be certified to meet EPA standards.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a system may be properly dehydrated?

<p>The vacuum indicator has reached and held the required vacuum for a period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may happen to a technician who violates provisions of the CAA?

<p>May be fined, may lose certification, may be required to appear in court</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refrigerant cylinders should be transported in a ______________ position.

<p>Vertical</p> Signup and view all the answers

An award of __________________ may be paid to a person providing information which leads to a penalty against a technician for violating CAA regulations.

<p>$10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before using an empty recovery cylinder, what should you do?

<p>Evacuate the cylinder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before using a recovery unit, what checks should be performed?

<p>Check service valves positions, check oil level, evacuate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do blended refrigerants leak from a system in uneven amounts?

<p>Due to different vapor pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CAA stand for?

<p>Clean Air Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can ester-based oils be mixed with other oils?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can mixed refrigerants be reclaimed?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can state or local laws governing refrigerant be less strict than federal laws?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can you use an open flame to warm a refrigerant bottle?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are CFCs considered more harmful to the ozone layer than HCFCs?

<p>They are not water soluble, and do not wash out of the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Currently, almost all residential air conditioners use refrigerant ______________.

<p>HCFC-22</p> Signup and view all the answers

For safety, a technician should always wear _____________ and ____________ when working around refrigerants.

<p>butyl gloves and goggles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen when heating a refrigerant cylinder with a torch?

<p>Explosion and injury, refrigerant to decompose into a toxic material, release of refrigerant to the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

HCFC-123 is toxic.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

HFC-134a is a 'drop-in' replacement for CFC-12.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family of lubricants do HFC refrigerants usually require?

<p>Polyolesters</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HFC-134a contain?

<p>0% chlorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can ice be removed from a sight glass?

<p>With alcohol spray</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we know the chlorine in the stratosphere is coming from CFCs?

<p>Matches CFC emission, emissions for volcano have been eliminated, increased combinations of chlorine and fluorine in the stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you leak check an HFC-134a system with a partial charge?

<p>With pressurized nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much is the reward for information leading to a conviction for a violation of the CAA?

<p>$10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should systems using a blended refrigerant be charged?

<p>Liquid into the high side</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should you charge a system using 410a refrigerant?

<p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often must a refillable tank be hydrostatically tested?

<p>Every five years</p> Signup and view all the answers

How will high ambient temperatures affect recovery?

<p>Faster recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a large leak occurs in a confined area, what is the recommended course of action?

<p>Ventilate and evacuate area</p> Signup and view all the answers

If EPA regulations change after you become certified, you must comply with any future changes in the law.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must recovery equipment manufactured after November 15, 1993, be able to do?

<p>Recover 90% of the refrigerant from the appliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important not to mix different refrigerants in the same container?

<p>The mixture may be impossible to reclaim</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a refrigeration system fails to hold an applied vacuum, it indicates that the system has a leak.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the high pressure gauge's scale reads from 0 to 500, it means they are rated for 500 psig.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is CFC-12 a 'low' or 'high' pressure refrigerant?

<p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is HCFC-123 a 'low' or 'high' pressure refrigerant?

<p>Low</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is there a 'drop' in refrigerant for CFC-12?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is ozone depletion a problem for only the U.S.?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are non-condensable and moisture removed from a refrigeration system?

<p>Evacuation - Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical symbol for ozone?

<p>O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ODP stand for?

<p>Ozone Depletion Potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

One chlorine atom may destroy up to ___________ ozone molecules.

<p>100,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Over-evacuation of refrigeration system does not occur.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should oxygen or compressed air never be used to pressurize a refrigeration system?

<p>It may cause an explosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may ozone depletion cause?

<p>Destruction of marine ecosystems, reduction of crop yields, increased ground-level ozone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere is a global problem.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will ozone depletion cause an increase in?

<p>Skin cancer and cataracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does R-22 boil?

<p>Minus (-41) degrees at one atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

R-410a requires recovery tanks and recovery machines rated for at least what PSIG?

<p>400</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can recovery equipment head pressure become excessive?

<p>The inlet valve to the recovery cylinder is not opened, the recovery cylinder contains non-condensables, the outlet valve of the recovery machine is closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does recycled refrigerant mean?

<p>Has been filtered and dehydrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does reclaimed refrigerant mean?

<p>Processed to new-product standards and tested</p> Signup and view all the answers

What standard must reclaimed refrigerant meet?

<p>ARI 700-93</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is refrigerant recovery?

<p>The process of removing refrigerant from a system and storing it in an approved container</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does refrigerant reclaiming require?

<p>A complicated distillation and testing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is refrigerant recovery necessary?

<p>Maintain adequate supplies, prevent release of refrigerants into atmosphere, prevent ozone depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can non-toxic refrigerants decompose and form dangerous acids and phosgene gas?

<p>When exposed to flame or heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does refrigerant tend to migrate to the compressor crankcase?

<p>Temperature differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must reclaimed refrigerant be purified and tested to meet?

<p>ARI-700</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often must recovery cylinders be hydrostatically tested?

<p>Every 5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can recovered refrigerant be resold?

<p>If it has been reclaimed</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what date must recovery equipment be certified by an EPA-approved agency?

<p>November 15, 1993</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum psig burst pressure and working pressure required for R-410a manifold gauge and hose sets?

<p>4,000 psig burst pressure, 800 psig working pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Section 608 of the CAA regulate?

<p>All refrigeration equipment using CFCs and HCFCs and recovery equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can some state and local governments establish laws concerning recovery that contain stricter regulations than CAA/EPA rules?

<p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must system-dependent recovery equipment be capable of?

<p>Recovering 90% of the refrigerant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is subcooling?

<p>The condensing pressure converted to temperature minus the temperature of the liquid line</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is superheat?

<p>The suction line temperature minus the evaporator pressure converted to temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what date must technicians be certified to handle refrigerants?

<p>November 14, 1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is temperature glide associated with?

<p>Ternary blend refrigerants</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should ternary blend refrigerants be charged into the system?

<p>In liquid state</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the amount of the fine for violating the provisions of the CAA?

<p>$32,500</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical use for the center port of a gauge manifold set?

<p>System recovery, system evacuation, system charging</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is the low-side gauge of a manifold set?

<p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of metering devices?

<p>Thermostatic expansion valve, capillary tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calibration range of the high-pressure gauge on a manifold gauge set (non-410a)?

<p>From 0 Psig to 500 Psig</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the latest research indicate the chlorine in the upper atmosphere comes from?

<p>Halogenated refrigerants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death from refrigerants?

<p>Asphyxiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

How fast is the level of chlorine detected in the atmosphere increasing compared to fluorine?

<p>Increasing faster than</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most hygroscopic family of oils?

<p>Ester oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Montreal Protocol?

<p>An agreement to regulate usage and manufacture of halons, HCFC and CFC refrigerants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method of locating the general area of small leaks?

<p>Electronic detectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Refrigerant Types and Properties

  • CFCs contain chlorine, fluorine, and carbon and are considered more harmful to the ozone layer than HCFCs due to their persistence in the atmosphere.
  • HCFCs contain hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon, and HCFC-123 is classified as a low-pressure refrigerant.
  • HFCs consist of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon, with HFC-134a being a common refrigerant that contains 0% chlorine.
  • CFC-11 cylinders are identifiable by their orange color, while HFC-134a cylinders are sky blue or pale blue.

Regulations and Compliance

  • Under EPA regulations, refrigerant system flushing with refrigerants is illegal.
  • As of January 1, 1996, it became illegal to import or manufacture CFCs in the U.S.
  • All recovery equipment must have low loss fittings and be certified by an EPA-approved agency as of November 15, 1993.
  • Technicians must be certified to handle refrigerants by November 14, 1994, and must comply with any future regulatory changes.

Safety and Recovery Procedures

  • Recovery cylinders must be gray with a yellow top and transported in a vertical position.
  • A refillable cylinder can be filled to a maximum of 80% of its liquid weight.
  • Recovery equipment must recover at least 90% of refrigerant from small appliances.
  • Evacuate recovery cylinders before use, and check service valves and oil levels for recovery units.

Environmental Impact and Ozone Depletion

  • Ozone depletion is a global concern that can cause increased skin cancer, cataracts, and destruction of marine ecosystems.
  • One chlorine atom can destroy up to 100,000 ozone molecules.
  • Ozone (O3) is critical for blocking harmful UV radiation in the atmosphere.

Refrigerant Handling and Leak Detection

  • Blended refrigerants leak unevenly due to different vapor pressures, causing potential problems during recovery.
  • When checking for leaks in an HFC-134a system, pressurized nitrogen can be used if a detector is unavailable.
  • The recommended method to remove ice from a sight glass is with alcohol spray.

Recovery and Recycling of Refrigerants

  • Recycled refrigerant is filtered and dehydrated, while reclaimed refrigerant is processed to meet ARI 700-93 standards.
  • Mixed refrigerants should not be reclaimed as the mixture may be unrecoverable.
  • Recovery is essential for preventing atmospheric release and maintaining adequate refrigerant supplies.

Miscellanea

  • All manufactured appliances must have a service aperture for refrigerant removal.
  • A recovery machine's head pressure can become excessive due to closed outlet valves or non-condensables in the cylinder.
  • The most effective method for locating small leaks is using electronic detectors.

Additional Important Points

  • A maximum fine of $32,500 can be imposed for violating the Clean Air Act (CAA).
  • Ester-based oils cannot be mixed with other oils.
  • System dependent recovery equipment must be able to recover 90% of the refrigerant from the system.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the EPA 608 core concepts with this flashcard quiz. Covering topics such as compound gauges and CFCs, this guide is essential for understanding refrigerant regulations. Perfect for anyone preparing for certification in HVAC practices.

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