EOC Review on Constitutional Principles

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following accurately reflects Montesquieu's idea of separation of powers?

  • The government should be divided into legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each with distinct powers. (correct)
  • Government should be based on the will of the majority, regardless of individual rights.
  • A single, all-powerful ruler should be in charge of government.
  • The people should have the power to directly make all laws.

According to John Locke's theory of natural law, what are individuals entitled to?

  • The right to unlimited wealth and property.
  • The right to disobey any law they deem unjust.
  • The right to rule over others based on their social status.
  • The right to freedom of religion and conscience. (correct)

Which of the following best describes John Locke's concept of the social contract?

  • A document outlining the specific rights and obligations of citizens.
  • An agreement between the government and its citizens, where citizens give up some rights in exchange for protection. (correct)
  • A system where rulers are chosen by the people to represent their interests.
  • A contract between individuals, where they agree to cooperate and share resources.

Which Enlightenment thinker's ideas most directly influenced the structure of the United States government?

<p>Baron de Montesquieu (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Enlightenment ideas like natural law and social contract theory influence the Founding Fathers?

<p>They provided a framework for understanding individual rights and the role of government. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of how Enlightenment ideas influenced the U.S. Constitution?

<p>The President is elected by an electoral college, not directly by the people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the principle of separation of powers?

<p>To prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the idea of popular sovereignty relate to the principles of democracy and consent of the governed?

<p>It means that the government gets its power from the consent of the people it governs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Federalism

The division of power between national and state governments.

Democracy

A system of government where the majority rules.

Representative Democracy

A type of democracy where people elect representatives to make decisions.

Majority Rule

The decision made by more than half of the voters.

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Popular Sovereignty

The concept that the government's power comes from the consent of the governed.

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Rule of Law

The principle that no one is above the law.

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Checks and Balances

A system that ensures no branch of government becomes too powerful.

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Judicial Review

The power of the judicial branch to review laws and actions for constitutionality.

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Study Notes

EOC Review Packet

  • The EOC is based on 37 benchmark standards
  • The packet reviews each benchmark and asks key questions and vocabulary
  • The packet is connected to a PowerPoint with review questions after each section
  • Students need to take notes on the packet by hand
  • Students will complete the homework assigned in the packet
  • Students are responsible for completing the packet's work if absent.

Major Principles of the Constitution

  • Federalism: Division of power between the national and state governments
  • Democracy: Rule by the people
  • Representative Democracy: Citizens elect representatives
  • Majority Rule: Decisions made by more than half of the voters
  • Popular Sovereignty: Government power comes from the people
  • Rule of Law: No one is above the law
  • Limited Government: Government's power is restricted
  • Separation of Powers: Division of government powers among three branches

Enlightenment Ideas

  • Montesquieu's Separation of Powers: Division of government powers into three branches (legislative, executive, judicial)
  • Locke's Natural Law: Natural rights (life, liberty, property) are inherent and cannot be taken away
  • Locke's Social Contract: Government's legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed. People agree to give up some freedoms for protection from the government.

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