EOC Practice Test: US History

Questions and Answers

What is the significance of Pinckney's Treaty (1795) with Spain?

It gave the United States the right to navigate the Mississippi.

Why did the U.S. Congress pass the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?

To prevent government opposition.

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were based on which principle?

The states' right to nullify acts of the federal government.

What right did most Caucasian women have in the United States during the Federalist period?

Right to inherit land. Signup and view all the answers

During Thomas Jefferson's presidency, which event challenged his strict constructionist philosophy?

The Louisiana Purchase. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Battle of New Orleans have on the United States in 1815?

It boosted a sense of patriotism and unity among U.S. citizens. Signup and view all the answers

Which idea did Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet support before 1820?

Unification of American Indians in resistance to the U.S. government. Signup and view all the answers

Why did many Mormons migrate to the western United States?

To escape religious persecution. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the Compromise of 1850 received the greatest support from southern farmers?

The passage of a strict fugitive slave law. Signup and view all the answers

Why can the Emancipation Proclamation be seen as a diplomatic document?

It made it hard for foreign nations to recognize and support the Confederacy. Signup and view all the answers

Which action abolished slavery in the United States?

Passage of the Thirteenth Amendment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is the strongest evidence of the federal government showing its power over state governments during the Reconstruction period?

The military occupation of former Confederate states. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the House of Representatives impeach Andrew Johnson?

The president violated the Tenure of Office Act. Signup and view all the answers

_____ _ from the _____ of 1877 {withdrawal of federal troops, funding for transportation improvements, president cabinet positions}

Democratic Benefits from the Compromise of 1877 Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the transcontinental railroad have on the economy of the West during the mid-1800s?

Increased settlement and growth in the region. Signup and view all the answers

Which invention made western farming more efficient in the mid-1800s?

The steel plow. Signup and view all the answers

During the mid to late 1800s, which major problem was more common for a farmer in the West than for a farmer living east of the Mississippi River?

High railroad rates. Signup and view all the answers

Which issue led to the organization of the Populist Party?

The desire to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed most to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

Rise of nativism. Signup and view all the answers

Why were immigrants more likely to settle in urban, industrial centers rather than rural, agricultural regions?

Factories provided much-needed jobs. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of westward expansion on American Indians during the Jacksonian era?

Most American Indians were relocated to lands west of the Mississippi River. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best explains the increase in sectionalism between 1820 and 1850?

Westward expansion caused a recurring debate over the expansion of slavery into the new territories. Signup and view all the answers

How did the transcendental movement influence U.S. society during the mid to late 1800s?

Transcendentalists wrote about the idea of self-reliance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these activities had the greatest economic impact on the southeastern United States between 1800 and 1860?

Cotton farming. Signup and view all the answers

In the 1830—1850 period, which section of the United States most opposed a protective tariff?

South. Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

The concept of popular sovereignty led to armed conflict between slave owners and abolitionists. Signup and view all the answers

Which 19th-century reformer most likely agreed with de Tocqueville?

Dorothea Dix. Signup and view all the answers

Susan B. Anthony is best known for which area of reform?

Suffrage. Signup and view all the answers

Which congressional act was passed to end the abuses of the spoils system?

Pendleton Act. Signup and view all the answers

Which event contributed most to the demise of the Knights of Labor?

Haymarket Square Riot. Signup and view all the answers

Monopolists of the late 1800s: {Andrew Carnegie, _ __, and John Rockefeller}

J.P. Morgan Signup and view all the answers

Which business strategy would a late-1800s industrial leader use to establish a monopoly?

Use a horizontal integration system. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the United States act as an imperial power during the late 1800s?

A need for new markets for its manufactured goods. Signup and view all the answers

Which event is associated with the outbreak of war between the United States and Spain in 1898?

The sinking of the USS Maine. Signup and view all the answers

In 1898, William Randolph Hearst reportedly sent a message to his photographer in Cuba that said, 'You provide the photographs and I'll furnish the war.' Which technique was Hearst using?

Yellow Journalism. Signup and view all the answers

How did the action of the U.S. government in the late 1800s impact Hawaii?

U.S. intervention led to the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy. Signup and view all the answers

How did poll taxes limit citizens' rights to liberty in the late 1800s?

The poll taxes prevented black males from voting and denied them a voice in the government. Signup and view all the answers

How did the role of journalism change during the Progressive Era?

Journalism uncovered scandals and evoked people's emotions. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Theodore Roosevelt build the Great White Fleet?

To establish the United States as a naval power. Signup and view all the answers

What justification did President Taft use to support his use of dollar diplomacy in Latin America and Asia?

To promote U.S. commercial interests abroad. Signup and view all the answers

How did passing the Sherman Antitrust Act attempt to reform U.S. business practices in the late 1800s?

The legislation made business monopolies illegal, though enforcement of the law proved ineffective until later. Signup and view all the answers

African American Responses to Jim Crow Laws During the Early 1900s: {Great Migration, National Association for Colored People, Militia Leagues, _ _ }

Niagara Movement. Signup and view all the answers

How did assembly line production affect the U.S. economy during the early twentieth century?

It helped expand modern consumerism. Signup and view all the answers

Which group benefited the most from reform legislation passed during the Progressive Era?

Factory Workers. Signup and view all the answers

Which event was a reason for the United States' entry into the First World War?

The sinking of the Lusitania. Signup and view all the answers

How were the civil liberties of U.S. citizens threatened during World War I?

The U.S. government restricted freedom of speech. Signup and view all the answers

How did the United States help the Allies win World War I?

The United States provided strong, energized troops. Signup and view all the answers

The Kellogg-Briand Pact represented the desire of the United States and European nations to follow which policy?

Isolationism. Signup and view all the answers

Roaring twenties: {MEDIA - Ballyhoo, Tabloids; ________ - Speakeasies, Gangsters; LITERATURE - Expatriates, Lost Generation; IMMIGRANTS - Nativism, Red Scare}

Prohibition. Signup and view all the answers

During the 1920s, which leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association advocated a return to Africa for African Americans?

Marcus Garvey. Signup and view all the answers

What did the flapper image of the 1920s represent for U.S. women?

A challenge to traditional values. Signup and view all the answers

Which evidence showed that the prosperity of the 1920s was an illusion?

Many people increased their debt. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the stock market crash of 1929?

Overspeculation. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor added to the hardships of midwestern farmers during the Great Depression?

The Dust Bowl. Signup and view all the answers

Which economic policy did President Franklin D. Roosevelt use to respond to the Great Depression?

Deficit spending. Signup and view all the answers

After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that several New Deal programs were unconstitutional, how did President Franklin Roosevelt try to influence future decisions of the Court?

By trying to increase the number of Supreme Court justices. Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the diplomacy followed by some European nations in their relations with Germany, Italy, and Japan between 1931 and 1939?

Appeasement. Signup and view all the answers

Which advertising campaign represents the expanding role of women in the workplace during World War II?

'Rosie the Riveter'. Signup and view all the answers

Why did President Truman decide to use the atomic bomb near the end of World War II?

Truman wanted to save the lives of U.S. soldiers who would have to invade mainland Japan. Signup and view all the answers

Which development best reflects the economic prosperity of the United States after the Second World War?

The growth of suburbia and consumerism. Signup and view all the answers

What international organization was created immediately after the Second World War to promote world peace and cooperation among nations?

The United Nations. Signup and view all the answers

According to this excerpt, for what was President Truman arguing?

The United States must help protect independent nations from communist aggression. Signup and view all the answers

Which U.S. initiative was designed to provide financial aid for war-torn European countries after the Second World War?

The Marshall Plan. Signup and view all the answers

Which policy did the U.S. government use to respond to the Cold War tensions of the 1950s?

Containment. Signup and view all the answers

Which political trend characterized the era of McCarthyism?

The use of false accusation of communism as a weapon against political opponents. Signup and view all the answers

Which government agency was developed in response to Cold War confrontations?

Central Intelligence Agency. Signup and view all the answers

How did many U.S. families respond to the threat of a nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union as the Cold War intensified?

They constructed bomb shelters in their backyards. Signup and view all the answers

What was one purpose of President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress?

To improve relations with Latin America. Signup and view all the answers

What precedent was established for U.S. presidents by the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

The ability to engage in military activity without a congressional declaration of war. Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did both Martin Luther King Jr. and César Chávez use to achieve social change?

Led nonviolent boycotts. Signup and view all the answers

Which group represents the counterculture of the 1960s?

Hippies. Signup and view all the answers

How did the war in Vietnam hinder President Lyndon B. Johnson's effort to create the Great Society?

The war in Vietnam forced the United States to divert critical funds away from domestic issues. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best summarizes the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren?

Supreme Court decisions defined rights for criminals and expanded rights for individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Title IX have on educational institutions in the United States?

Equal funding of men's and women's athletics. Signup and view all the answers

What event during the 1970s resulted in the United States increasing its regulation of nuclear power plants?

The incident at Three Mile Island. Signup and view all the answers

Which U.S. president regarded universal health care as a major issue for the federal government to resolve?

Bill Clinton. Signup and view all the answers

The Watergate scandal is appropriately described by which statement?

It concerned the Nixon administration's attempt to cover up a burglary at the Democratic National Committee headquarters. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose for Operation Desert Storm?

To drive Iraqi forces out of Kuwait. Signup and view all the answers

In which country did President Clinton use force in an attempt to bring an end to regional conflicts?

Bosnia. Signup and view all the answers

How has a revival of nativism in the late twentieth century affected recent immigration?

Increased support for restricting immigration. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Early U.S. Treaties and Acts

Pinckney's Treaty (1795) granted the U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River.
Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 aimed to suppress government opposition.

States' Rights and Federalism

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions expressed the right of states to nullify federal laws.
During the Federalist period, Caucasian women had the right to inherit land.

Key Events in U.S. History

The Louisiana Purchase challenged Thomas Jefferson's strict constructionist views.
The Battle of New Orleans (1815) fostered patriotism and unity among Americans.

Native American Resistance

Tecumseh and the Prophet promoted the unification of American Indians against U.S. policies.

Migration and Religious Freedom

Mormons migrated westward primarily to escape religious persecution.

The Compromise of 1850

Southern farmers most supported the strict fugitive slave law included in the Compromise.

Civil Rights Developments

Emancipation Proclamation discouraged foreign nations from recognizing the Confederacy.
The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.

Reconstruction and Federal Authority

The military occupation of former Confederate states exemplified federal power over states during Reconstruction.
Andrew Johnson was impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act.

The transcontinental railroad propelled settlement and economic growth in the West.
The steel plow improved efficiency in western agriculture.

Populist Movement

The Populist Party emerged to alleviate the financial burdens faced by farmers and workers.
Nativism contributed significantly to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882).

Urbanization and Immigration

Immigrants predominantly settled in urban industrial centers due to job availability in factories.
Westward expansion resulted in the forced relocation of most American Indians.

Sectionalism and Slavery

Westward expansion heightened sectionalism, provoking debates over slavery in newly acquired territories.

Reform Movements

The transcendental movement emphasized self-reliance and individualism.
Dorothea Dix advocated for prison reform, reflecting concerns highlighted by de Tocqueville.

Labor Reforms and Economic Shifts

The Pendleton Act was established to reduce spoils system abuses.
The Knights of Labor declined significantly after the Haymarket Square Riot.

Industrialization and Monopoly

Monopolists such as J.P. Morgan and John Rockefeller dominated the late 1800s industries.
Horizontal integration was a common strategy for establishing monopolies.

Imperialism and Militarism

The U.S. sought new markets during its imperial phase in the late 1800s.
The USS Maine's sinking sparked the 1898 U.S.-Spain conflict.

Journalism and the Role of Media

"Yellow Journalism," exemplified by Hearst, sensationalized events to influence public opinion.

Civil Rights and the Progressive Era

Poll taxes restricted voting rights for African Americans in the late 1800s.
Progressive Era journalism played a crucial role in revealing societal corruptions and injustices.

Post-WWII Developments

The United Nations was founded to promote global peace and cooperation.
The Truman Doctrine aimed to protect free nations from communist threats.

Cold War Policies

Containment was a major U.S. strategy against Soviet influence in the 1950s.
McCarthyism involved unfounded accusations against political adversaries concerning communism.

Martin Luther King Jr. and César Chávez utilized nonviolent protests and boycotts for societal reforms.
The Great Society programs were hindered by the expenses of the Vietnam War.

Education and Civil Rights Legislation

Title IX mandated equal funding for men's and women's sports, promoting gender equality in education.

Recent Developments and Global Relations

Operation Desert Storm aimed to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi control.
Nativist revivals in the late 20th century resulted in increased support for restricting immigration policies.

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Description

Test your knowledge on significant events and legislation in US History, including Pinckney's Treaty and the Alien and Sedition Acts. This quiz covers essential concepts and principles that shaped the early United States. Ideal for students preparing for end-of-course exams.