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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of enzymes in chemical reactions?
What is the main function of enzymes in chemical reactions?
What is unique about each enzyme?
What is unique about each enzyme?
What is the optimal condition for an enzyme's activity?
What is the optimal condition for an enzyme's activity?
What is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds?
What is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds?
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What is the model that describes the substrate fitting into the active site?
What is the model that describes the substrate fitting into the active site?
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Which type of enzyme catalyzes oxidation and reduction reactions?
Which type of enzyme catalyzes oxidation and reduction reactions?
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What can increase enzyme activity?
What can increase enzyme activity?
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What can bind to the enzyme and reduce its activity?
What can bind to the enzyme and reduce its activity?
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Study Notes
What are Enzymes?
- Biological molecules, typically proteins, that speed up chemical reactions
- Act as catalysts, increasing reaction rates without being consumed or altered
Characteristics of Enzymes
- High specificity: Each enzyme is specific to a particular reaction or substrate
- High efficiency: Enzymes can catalyze thousands of reactions per second
- Optimal temperature and pH: Enzymes have optimal temperatures and pH ranges for activity
Enzyme Structure
- Active site: Region on the enzyme where the substrate binds
- Substrate binding: Enzyme-substrate complex forms, allowing the reaction to occur
- Conformation change: Enzyme changes shape to facilitate the reaction
Enzyme Mechanisms
- Lock and key model: Substrate fits into the active site, inducing a conformation change
- Induced fit model: Enzyme changes shape to accommodate the substrate
- Cooperative binding: Binding of one substrate molecule affects the binding of others
Types of Enzymes
- Oxidoreductases: Catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions
- Transferases: Catalyze the transfer of functional groups
- Hydrolases: Catalyze the hydrolysis of molecules
- Ligases: Catalyze the formation of new bonds
- Isomerases: Catalyze the rearrangement of molecules
- Lyases: Catalyze the cleavage of molecules
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Temperature: Optimal temperature ranges for enzyme activity
- pH: Optimal pH ranges for enzyme activity
- Substrate concentration: Increasing substrate concentration can increase enzyme activity
- Inhibitors: Molecules that bind to the enzyme, reducing its activity
- Activators: Molecules that increase enzyme activity
What are Enzymes?
- Biological molecules, typically proteins, that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or altered
- Act as catalysts, increasing reaction rates
Characteristics of Enzymes
- Each enzyme is specific to a particular reaction or substrate (high specificity)
- Enzymes can catalyze thousands of reactions per second (high efficiency)
- Enzymes have optimal temperatures and pH ranges for activity
Enzyme Structure
- Enzymes have an active site where the substrate binds
- Enzyme-substrate complex forms, allowing the reaction to occur
- Enzyme changes shape to facilitate the reaction (conformation change)
Enzyme Mechanisms
- Lock and key model: Substrate fits into the active site, inducing a conformation change
- Induced fit model: Enzyme changes shape to accommodate the substrate
- Cooperative binding: Binding of one substrate molecule affects the binding of others
Types of Enzymes
- Oxidoreductases: Catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions
- Transferases: Catalyze the transfer of functional groups
- Hydrolases: Catalyze the hydrolysis of molecules
- Ligases: Catalyze the formation of new bonds
- Isomerases: Catalyze the rearrangement of molecules
- Lyases: Catalyze the cleavage of molecules
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Temperature: Optimal temperature ranges for enzyme activity
- pH: Optimal pH ranges for enzyme activity
- Substrate concentration: Increasing substrate concentration can increase enzyme activity
- Inhibitors: Molecules that bind to the enzyme, reducing its activity
- Activators: Molecules that increase enzyme activity
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Description
Learn about enzymes, biological molecules that speed up chemical reactions, their characteristics, and structure.
