Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which category of enzymes catalyzes oxidation-reduction reactions?
Which category of enzymes catalyzes oxidation-reduction reactions?
Enzymes that catalyze the bonding together of two substrate molecules belong to which category?
Enzymes that catalyze the bonding together of two substrate molecules belong to which category?
What type of enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of substrates?
What type of enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of substrates?
Which enzymes require simultaneous release of energy by hydrolysis in their catalytic process?
Which enzymes require simultaneous release of energy by hydrolysis in their catalytic process?
Signup and view all the answers
Enzymes that catalyze the isomerization of a substrate belong to which category?
Enzymes that catalyze the isomerization of a substrate belong to which category?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of enzymes catalyze the transfer of a groups from one molecule to another?
Which type of enzymes catalyze the transfer of a groups from one molecule to another?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of enzyme is involved in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate?
Which type of enzyme is involved in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate?
Signup and view all the answers
In the reaction catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase, what is the product when acetylcholine is hydrolyzed?
In the reaction catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase, what is the product when acetylcholine is hydrolyzed?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme is responsible for the transfer of aspartate amino group to α-ketoglutarate?
Which enzyme is responsible for the transfer of aspartate amino group to α-ketoglutarate?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of enzyme is lactate dehydrogenase?
What type of enzyme is lactate dehydrogenase?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of cis-Aconitate to Isocitrate?
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of cis-Aconitate to Isocitrate?
Signup and view all the answers
In the reaction catalyzed by Tyrosine-tRNA synthetase, what is consumed along with ATP?
In the reaction catalyzed by Tyrosine-tRNA synthetase, what is consumed along with ATP?
Signup and view all the answers
Enzymes are often classified by placing them in categories according to the reactions that they ______: 1. Oxidoreductase 2. Transferase 3. Hydrolase 4. Lyase 5. Isomerase 6. Ligase
Enzymes are often classified by placing them in categories according to the reactions that they ______: 1. Oxidoreductase 2. Transferase 3. Hydrolase 4. Lyase 5. Isomerase 6. Ligase
Signup and view all the answers
Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of substrate molecules, most commonly addition or removal of ______ or ______.
Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of substrate molecules, most commonly addition or removal of ______ or ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Transferases catalyze the transfer of groups from one molecule to another – Transaminases transfer an amino group between substrates – Kinases transfer a phosphate group from ATP to give ADP and a phosphorylated ______.
Transferases catalyze the transfer of groups from one molecule to another – Transaminases transfer an amino group between substrates – Kinases transfer a phosphate group from ATP to give ADP and a phosphorylated ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Hydrolases catalyze the ______ of substrates, i.e. the breaking of bonds with addition of water.
Hydrolases catalyze the ______ of substrates, i.e. the breaking of bonds with addition of water.
Signup and view all the answers
Isomerases catalyze the isomerization (rearrangement of atoms) of a substrate in reactions. One substrate, one ______.
Isomerases catalyze the isomerization (rearrangement of atoms) of a substrate in reactions. One substrate, one ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Ligases catalyze the bonding together of two substrate molecules. Not favorable, require simultaneous release of energy by ______ reaction.
Ligases catalyze the bonding together of two substrate molecules. Not favorable, require simultaneous release of energy by ______ reaction.
Signup and view all the answers
The conversion of ATP to ADP is involved in the synthesis of proteins and DNA. This process is catalyzed by __________ enzymes.
The conversion of ATP to ADP is involved in the synthesis of proteins and DNA. This process is catalyzed by __________ enzymes.
Signup and view all the answers
Oxidoreductase enzymes catalyze the transfer of electrons between molecules. An example is lactate dehydrogenase which converts pyruvate to __________.
Oxidoreductase enzymes catalyze the transfer of electrons between molecules. An example is lactate dehydrogenase which converts pyruvate to __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Transferase enzymes facilitate the transfer of functional groups between molecules. Aspartate amino transferase moves an amino group from aspartate to α-ketoglutarate, forming __________.
Transferase enzymes facilitate the transfer of functional groups between molecules. Aspartate amino transferase moves an amino group from aspartate to α-ketoglutarate, forming __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Hydrolase enzymes catalyze the cleavage of chemical bonds by adding __________ molecule.
Hydrolase enzymes catalyze the cleavage of chemical bonds by adding __________ molecule.
Signup and view all the answers
Lyase enzymes catalyze the addition or removal of a group to double-bonded substrates. Aconitase converts __________ to Isocitrate.
Lyase enzymes catalyze the addition or removal of a group to double-bonded substrates. Aconitase converts __________ to Isocitrate.
Signup and view all the answers
Isomerase enzymes catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule. Phosphohexose isomerase converts glucose-6-phosphate to __________.
Isomerase enzymes catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule. Phosphohexose isomerase converts glucose-6-phosphate to __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Enzymes are often classified by placing them in categories according to the reactions that they ______: 1. Oxidoreductase 2. Transferase 3. Hydrolase 4. Lyase 5. Isomerase 6. Ligase
Enzymes are often classified by placing them in categories according to the reactions that they ______: 1. Oxidoreductase 2. Transferase 3. Hydrolase 4. Lyase 5. Isomerase 6. Ligase
Signup and view all the answers
Hydrolases catalyze the ______ of substrates, i.e. the breaking of bonds with addition of water.
Hydrolases catalyze the ______ of substrates, i.e. the breaking of bonds with addition of water.
Signup and view all the answers
Isomerase enzymes catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule. Phosphohexose isomerase converts glucose-6-phosphate to ______.
Isomerase enzymes catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule. Phosphohexose isomerase converts glucose-6-phosphate to ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Ligases catalyze the bonding together of two substrate molecules. Not favorable, require simultaneous release of energy by ______ reaction.
Ligases catalyze the bonding together of two substrate molecules. Not favorable, require simultaneous release of energy by ______ reaction.
Signup and view all the answers
Transferases catalyze the transfer of groups from one molecule to another – Transaminases transfer an amino group between substrates – Kinases transfer a phosphate group from ATP to give ADP and a phosphorylated ______.
Transferases catalyze the transfer of groups from one molecule to another – Transaminases transfer an amino group between substrates – Kinases transfer a phosphate group from ATP to give ADP and a phosphorylated ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of substrate molecules, most commonly addition or removal of O or H. Require coenzymes that are reduced or oxidized as the substrate is oxidized or reduced. Ex: alcohol ______.
Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of substrate molecules, most commonly addition or removal of O or H. Require coenzymes that are reduced or oxidized as the substrate is oxidized or reduced. Ex: alcohol ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Ligase enzymes catalyze the bonding together of two substrate molecules. Not favorable, require simultaneous release of energy by ______ reaction.
Ligase enzymes catalyze the bonding together of two substrate molecules. Not favorable, require simultaneous release of energy by ______ reaction.
Signup and view all the answers
Transferases catalyze the transfer of groups from one molecule to another – Transaminases transfer an amino group between substrates – Kinases transfer a phosphate group from ATP to give ADP and a phosphorylated ______.
Transferases catalyze the transfer of groups from one molecule to another – Transaminases transfer an amino group between substrates – Kinases transfer a phosphate group from ATP to give ADP and a phosphorylated ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of substrate molecules, most commonly addition or removal of ______ or ______.
Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of substrate molecules, most commonly addition or removal of ______ or ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Isomerases catalyze the isomerization (rearrangement of atoms) of a substrate in reactions. One substrate, one ______.
Isomerases catalyze the isomerization (rearrangement of atoms) of a substrate in reactions. One substrate, one ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Hydrolase enzymes catalyze the cleavage of chemical bonds by adding ______ molecule.
Hydrolase enzymes catalyze the cleavage of chemical bonds by adding ______ molecule.
Signup and view all the answers
Enzymes that catalyze the bonding together of two substrate molecules belong to which category?
Enzymes that catalyze the bonding together of two substrate molecules belong to which category?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Enzyme Classification and Functions
- Enzymes are categorized based on the reactions they catalyze, including categories: Oxidoreductase, Transferase, Hydrolase, Lyase, Isomerase, Ligase.
- Oxidoreductases: Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, typically involving the addition or removal of oxygen (O) or hydrogen (H).
-
Transferases: Facilitate the transfer of functional groups between molecules, such as:
- Transaminases transfer amino groups.
- Kinases transfer phosphate groups from ATP, yielding ADP and a phosphorylated substrate.
- Hydrolases: Catalyze hydrolysis of substrates, breaking bonds through the addition of water.
- Lyases: Catalyze addition or removal of groups to/from double-bonded substrates.
- Isomerases: Catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule.
- Ligases: Bond two substrate molecules together, often requiring simultaneous energy release from a favorably coupled reaction.
Specific Enzyme Functions and Examples
- Lactate Dehydrogenase: Converts pyruvate to lactate, an example of oxidoreductase activity.
- Aspartate Amino Transferase: Transfers an amino group from aspartate to α-ketoglutarate, yielding glutamate.
- Aconitase: Converts cis-Aconitate to Isocitrate; an example of isomerase activity.
- Tyrosine-tRNA Synthetase: Involved in protein synthesis, consuming ATP alongside other substrates.
- Hydrolysis of acetylcholine by Acetylcholinesterase results in acetic acid and choline.
- Phosphohexose Isomerase: Converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.
Energy Requirements
- Ligases are energetically unfavored and require coupling with exergonic reactions, like ATP hydrolysis, for completion of their reactions.
Key Points
- Isomerases act on one substrate to rearrange its atomic structure.
- Hydrolases utilize water for bond cleavage, emphasizing their role in breaking down complex molecules.
- Transferases and oxidoreductases are crucial in metabolic pathways, facilitating both energy transfer and molecular transformation.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Learn about the different classes of enzymes and their nomenclature and classification based on the reactions they catalyze. Explore categories such as Oxidoreductase, Transferase, Hydrolase, Lyase, Isomerase, and Ligase.
