Questions and Answers
Enzymes are often named by adding -ase to the ______.
substrate
The enzyme lactase catalyzes the breakdown of ______.
lactose
Enzyme nomenclature begins with the abbreviation ______.
EC
The first digit of the EC number represents the ______ of the enzyme.
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Lipase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down ______.
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The concentration of ______ can influence enzyme action and activity.
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Factors like temperature and pH are important for maintaining optimal enzyme ______.
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Protease is involved in breaking down ______.
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Cellulase breaks down ______, which is a component of plant fibers.
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Environmental hazards can act as ______ for enzymes.
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Enzymes are complex organic compounds that have the ability of speeding up ______ reactions.
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Enzymes are very specific and will only catalyze one specific chemical ______.
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The molecules that bind to the enzyme are called ______.
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The area on the enzyme where the substrate binds is known as the ______.
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An intermediate compound formed when the enzyme and substrate bind is called an - complex.
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The model that states the shape of the substrate and enzyme fit together like a key in a lock is called the ______ model.
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The model proposed by Daniel E. Koshland, Jr., in 1958 is known as the ______ fit model.
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Coenzymes are considered ______ molecules that assist enzymes in their function.
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Cofactors may be either organic or ______ molecules.
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Without a specific enzyme, a chemical reaction may hardly ______ at all.
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Study Notes
Importance and Nature of Enzymes
- Enzymes are complex organic compounds essential for catalyzing chemical reactions in the body without undergoing permanent changes.
- Specificity is a key feature; each enzyme catalyzes only one specific reaction and remains unchanged post-reaction.
Structure and Function of Enzymes
- Enzymes interact with substrates, fitting together at an active site, similar to a puzzle.
- The binding of the substrate to the active site forms an enzyme-substrate complex, which then transforms into products.
Modes of Enzyme Action
- The process starts when the substrate contacts the enzyme's active site.
- A temporary enzyme-substrate complex forms, leading to the conversion of the substrate into products, which are subsequently released.
- The enzyme is restored to its original state after the reaction.
Models of Enzyme Action
Lock and Key Model
- Proposed by Emil Fischer in 1894, suggesting that the enzyme's active site and substrate fit together rigidly like a key in a lock.
Induced Fit Model
- Proposed by Daniel E. Koshland, Jr. in 1958, indicating that substrate binding alters the enzyme's active site shape, facilitating the reaction.
Coenzymes and Cofactors
- Coenzymes are organic molecules that aid enzyme function, whereas cofactors can be organic or inorganic substances that assist without binding tightly to the enzyme.
Enzyme Nomenclature
- Enzymes typically have names ending in -ase, derived from the substrate they act upon or their catalytic function.
- Examples include:
- Lactase (catalyzes lactose)
- Maltase (catalyzes maltose)
- Examples include:
- Enzyme Classification (EC) System:
- Consists of four digits that indicate the enzyme's class, subclass, sub-subclass, and a specific enzyme number.
Examples of Biological Enzymes
- Lipase: breaks down fats
- Protease: breaks down proteins
- Cellulase: breaks down cellulose
- Amylase: breaks down starch
- Sucrase: breaks down sucrose
- Maltase: breaks down maltose
- Lactase: breaks down lactose
Factors Influencing Enzyme Action
- Enzyme and substrate concentration
- Temperature and pH levels
- Presence of accelerators or inhibitors
- Environmental conditions that may affect enzyme activity
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Description
This quiz focuses on the fundamental concepts of enzymes as covered in BIO 024 Lesson 9. Students will learn about the definition, importance, structure, classification, and naming conventions of enzymes. Test your knowledge of these biochemical catalysts and their roles in biological reactions.
