WK 1: Enzymes as Drug Targets

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What is the primary role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

To synthesize ATP

To regulate gene expression

To repair damaged DNA

To catalyze biochemical reactions (correct)

What is the result of phosphorylation of an enzyme by a protein kinase?

Inactivation of the enzyme

Denaturation of the enzyme

Allosteric inhibition of the enzyme

Activation of the enzyme (correct)

What is the characteristic of a reversible inhibitor?

It forms a covalent bond with the enzyme

It is irreversible and cannot be removed

It is a competitive inhibitor only

It is similar in structure to the substrate or product (correct)

What is the purpose of binding interactions between an enzyme and its substrate?

To hold the substrate sufficiently long for the reaction to occur Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing substrate concentration on a reversible inhibitor?

It reverses the inhibition of the enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of designing molecules with stronger binding interactions to an enzyme?

Inhibition of the enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of enzymes in the body?

To act as the body's catalysts Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an enzyme on the activation energy of a reaction?

It decreases the activation energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the reaction shown?

It acts as a catalyst Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of enzymes in metabolism and disease?

They play a crucial role in both metabolic pathways and can be used as biomarkers of organ injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an enzyme on the overall free energy change (ΔG) of a reaction?

It has no effect on ΔG Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the molecules that bind to enzymes and increase their activity?

Cofactors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

To catalyse biochemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the oxyanion hole in the catalysis mechanism of chymotrypsin?

To lower the activation energy of the reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of designing molecules with stronger binding interactions with an enzyme?

Enzyme inhibition Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the binding interactions between the enzyme and substrate?

To hold the substrate sufficiently long for the reaction to occur Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in metabolism and disease?

To play a crucial role in metabolism and can be used as biomarkers of injury to specific organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of enzyme catalysis?

Formation of product Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an enzyme's active site?

To bind reactants and position them correctly Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the induced fit process of substrate binding?

The shape of the enzyme changes to fit the substrate Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between the functional groups in the substrate and the active site during substrate binding?

Intermolecular bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enzyme in a biochemical reaction?

To catalyse the reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the enzyme's catalytic mechanism?

The reaction rate is increased Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the enzyme's active site in terms of reactant binding?

To position reactants correctly for reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of histidine in the catalytic mechanism of chymotrypsin?

Acting as an acid/base catalyst Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aspartate in the catalytic mechanism of chymotrypsin?

Orientating histidine for catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of serine in the catalytic mechanism of chymotrypsin?

Acting as a nucleophile Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the catalytic mechanism of chymotrypsin?

Hydrolysis of a peptide bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional significance of the catalytic triad in chymotrypsin?

Improving catalytic efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the biochemical significance of chymotrypsin?

Digestion of proteins in the small intestine Signup and view all the answers