Enzymes and Metabolism Quiz

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What is the main function of enzymes in living organisms?

Speed up chemical reactions (correct)

Maintain the structure of proteins

Facilitate transport across cell membranes

Regulate genetic information

How do enzymes exhibit specificity?

By assisting in the synthesis of proteins

By building and breaking down substances

By regulating metabolic events

By binding only to certain substrates (correct)

Which molecules are proteins made up of?

Amino acids (correct)

Fatty acids

Nucleotides

Monosaccharides

What is the role of amino acids in living systems?

Provide structural support Signup and view all the answers

Why are enzymes important in diagnostic procedures?

To indicate tissue damage and disease progression Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the three-dimensional structure of proteins?

Affects their acid-base properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of enzymes in living cells?

Increasing the rate of chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of enzyme is made up of only protein molecules?

Simple enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the non-protein component of a holoenzyme called?

Cofactor Signup and view all the answers

What are coenzymes mainly responsible for during enzyme reactions?

Functioning as intermediate carriers of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What are coenzymes often referred to as due to their role in enzyme catalysis?

Co substrates Signup and view all the answers

If a cofactor is an organic compound, what is it specifically called?

Coenzyme Signup and view all the answers

Which type of enzymes catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions?

Oxidoreductases Signup and view all the answers

Which type of enzymes catalyze the addition of a group to a double bond or the removal of a group to form a double bond?

Lyases Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes catalyzing the linking together of 2 compounds coupled to the breaking of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP are known as?

Ligases Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of various bonds by utilizing water?

Hydrolases Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes catalyzing interconversion of aldose and ketoses belong to which class?

Isomerases Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes catalyze a transfer of a group other than hydrogen?

Transferases Signup and view all the answers

What chemical state is required for the enzyme and substrate to interact in a catalytic process?

Ionized state Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an extreme pH have on enzymes?

Decreases enzyme activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity?

Increases enzyme activity until a maximum is reached Signup and view all the answers

Why does the catalytic activity of enzymes decline at alkaline pH?

The amino-group of the enzyme is deprotonated Signup and view all the answers

In what form does the amino-group of the enzyme need to be for catalytic activity to occur?

-NH3+ (protonated form) Signup and view all the answers

Why do enzymes designed to work at neutral pH get denatured in an acidic environment?

Their structure depends on the ionic character of amino acid chains Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when an enzyme is at its Vmax?

The enzyme has bound all available substrate molecules to its active sites Signup and view all the answers

What does Km represent in the Michaelis-Menten equation?

Affinity of the enzyme for the substrate Signup and view all the answers

How is Km numerically related to Vmax?

$rac{1}{2} * Km = Vmax$ Signup and view all the answers

What happens when 50% of the active sites of an enzyme are saturated by substrate?

The enzyme reaches its Vmax Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the concentration of substrate affect enzyme activity?

Increases enzyme activity until Vmax is reached Signup and view all the answers