Enzymes: Active Site and Substrate Specificity
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the active site on an enzyme?

  • To change the shape of the enzyme
  • To increase the activation energy
  • To bind to the substrate (correct)
  • To catalyze the chemical reaction
  • What determines the substrate specificity of an enzyme?

  • The shape and chemical properties of the active site (correct)
  • The temperature of the reaction
  • The size of the enzyme
  • The pH of the reaction
  • What is the result of an enzyme catalyzing a chemical reaction?

  • The rate of the reaction is increased (correct)
  • The equilibrium of the reaction is altered
  • The substrate is converted to an inhibitor
  • The enzyme is degraded
  • What is the purpose of enzyme inhibition?

    <p>To decrease the rate of the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the active site's shape?

    <p>Uncompetitive inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enzyme-substrate complex in catalysis?

    <p>To position the substrate for catalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the active site of an enzyme?

    <p>It has a shape and chemical properties complementary to the substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of competitive inhibition?

    <p>The inhibitor binds to the active site, blocking substrate binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the rate of a catalyzed reaction?

    <p>The activation energy of the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the active site of an enzyme?

    <p>It has a shape and chemical properties complementary to the substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Enzymes

    Active Site

    • A specific region on the enzyme where substrate binds
    • Shape and chemical properties of the active site are complementary to the substrate
    • Binding of substrate to active site positions it for catalysis
    • Active site is typically a small portion of the enzyme's overall structure

    Substrate Specificity

    • Enzymes are highly specific for their substrates
    • Shape and chemical properties of the active site determine substrate specificity
    • Enzymes can distinguish between substrates with small differences in structure
    • Substrate specificity ensures that enzymes only catalyze specific reactions

    Catalysis

    • Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
    • Enzymes do not alter the equilibrium of the reaction, only the rate
    • Catalysis occurs in three stages:
      1. Binding of substrate to active site
      2. Formation of an enzyme-substrate complex
      3. Conversion of substrate to product and release from active site
    • Enzymes can catalyze multiple reactions in a single active site

    Enzyme Inhibition

    • Enzyme inhibition occurs when a molecule binds to the active site, blocking substrate binding
    • Types of inhibition:
      • Competitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to active site, competing with substrate
      • Uncompetitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the active site's shape
      • Non-competitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the enzyme's activity
    • Inhibition can be reversible or irreversible
    • Enzyme inhibitors can be used therapeutically to treat diseases or as pesticides to control pests

    Enzymes

    Active Site

    • Has a specific shape and chemical properties that are complementary to the substrate
    • Binds to substrate, positioning it for catalysis
    • Typically a small part of the enzyme's overall structure

    Substrate Specificity

    • Enzymes are highly specific to their substrates due to the active site's shape and chemical properties
    • Can distinguish between substrates with small structural differences
    • Ensures that enzymes only catalyze specific reactions

    Catalysis

    • Speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
    • Does not alter the reaction's equilibrium, only the rate
    • Occurs in three stages: binding, enzyme-substrate complex formation, and product conversion and release
    • Can catalyze multiple reactions in a single active site

    Enzyme Inhibition

    • Occurs when a molecule binds to the active site, blocking substrate binding
    • Types of inhibition: competitive, uncompetitive, and non-competitive
    • Competitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to the active site, competing with substrate
    • Uncompetitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the active site's shape
    • Non-competitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the enzyme's activity
    • Inhibition can be reversible or irreversible
    • Inhibitors can be used therapeutically to treat diseases or as pesticides to control pests

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    Description

    Learn about the active site of enzymes, where substrate binds, and how enzymes achieve substrate specificity. Understand the importance of shape and chemical properties in enzymatic reactions.

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