10 Questions
What is the primary function of the active site on an enzyme?
To bind to the substrate
What determines the substrate specificity of an enzyme?
The shape and chemical properties of the active site
What is the result of an enzyme catalyzing a chemical reaction?
The rate of the reaction is increased
What is the purpose of enzyme inhibition?
To decrease the rate of the reaction
What type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the active site's shape?
Uncompetitive inhibition
What is the role of the enzyme-substrate complex in catalysis?
To position the substrate for catalysis
What is characteristic of the active site of an enzyme?
It has a shape and chemical properties complementary to the substrate
What is the result of competitive inhibition?
The inhibitor binds to the active site, blocking substrate binding
What determines the rate of a catalyzed reaction?
The activation energy of the reaction
What is unique about the active site of an enzyme?
It has a shape and chemical properties complementary to the substrate
Study Notes
Enzymes
Active Site
- A specific region on the enzyme where substrate binds
- Shape and chemical properties of the active site are complementary to the substrate
- Binding of substrate to active site positions it for catalysis
- Active site is typically a small portion of the enzyme's overall structure
Substrate Specificity
- Enzymes are highly specific for their substrates
- Shape and chemical properties of the active site determine substrate specificity
- Enzymes can distinguish between substrates with small differences in structure
- Substrate specificity ensures that enzymes only catalyze specific reactions
Catalysis
- Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
- Enzymes do not alter the equilibrium of the reaction, only the rate
- Catalysis occurs in three stages:
- Binding of substrate to active site
- Formation of an enzyme-substrate complex
- Conversion of substrate to product and release from active site
- Enzymes can catalyze multiple reactions in a single active site
Enzyme Inhibition
- Enzyme inhibition occurs when a molecule binds to the active site, blocking substrate binding
- Types of inhibition:
- Competitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to active site, competing with substrate
- Uncompetitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the active site's shape
- Non-competitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the enzyme's activity
- Inhibition can be reversible or irreversible
- Enzyme inhibitors can be used therapeutically to treat diseases or as pesticides to control pests
Enzymes
Active Site
- Has a specific shape and chemical properties that are complementary to the substrate
- Binds to substrate, positioning it for catalysis
- Typically a small part of the enzyme's overall structure
Substrate Specificity
- Enzymes are highly specific to their substrates due to the active site's shape and chemical properties
- Can distinguish between substrates with small structural differences
- Ensures that enzymes only catalyze specific reactions
Catalysis
- Speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
- Does not alter the reaction's equilibrium, only the rate
- Occurs in three stages: binding, enzyme-substrate complex formation, and product conversion and release
- Can catalyze multiple reactions in a single active site
Enzyme Inhibition
- Occurs when a molecule binds to the active site, blocking substrate binding
- Types of inhibition: competitive, uncompetitive, and non-competitive
- Competitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to the active site, competing with substrate
- Uncompetitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the active site's shape
- Non-competitive inhibition: inhibitor binds to an allosteric site, changing the enzyme's activity
- Inhibition can be reversible or irreversible
- Inhibitors can be used therapeutically to treat diseases or as pesticides to control pests
Learn about the active site of enzymes, where substrate binds, and how enzymes achieve substrate specificity. Understand the importance of shape and chemical properties in enzymatic reactions.
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