Enzyme Concentration and Rate of Reaction
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Questions and Answers

What is the horizontal axis on the graph of reaction velocity?

  • Inhibitor concentration
  • Enzyme concentration
  • Substrate concentration (correct)
  • Reaction velocity or rate (Vo)

    • What does a small Km value indicate about an enzyme?

  • The enzyme is inhibited
  • The enzyme is irreversible
  • The enzyme has a high affinity for its substrate (correct)
  • The enzyme has a low affinity for its substrate

    • What is the result of irreversible inhibition?

  • The enzyme's active site is altered (correct)
  • The enzyme is denatured
  • The enzyme-substrate complex is formed
  • The enzyme's active site is blocked

    • What is the function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?

    <p>Regulation of nervous system function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of penicillin?

    <p>Inhibiting cell wall formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km)?

    <p>To measure enzyme affinity for substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of reversible inhibition on enzyme activity?

    <p>Temporary reduction in enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diisopropylphosphofluoridate an inhibitor of?

    <p>Acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the substrate that binds to the active site of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase?

    <p>3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the first committed step of the metabolic pathway?

    <p>Mevalonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a non-competitive inhibitor on the enzyme?

    <p>It binds to the enzyme, causing a change in its conformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in the metabolic pathway?

    <p>It catalyzes the reduction reaction of HMG-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the enzyme-inhibitor complex in non-competitive inhibition?

    <p>It changes the conformation of the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate product of the metabolic pathway?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the rate of reaction according to the graph?

    <p>Enzyme concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of non-competitive inhibition in terms of active site binding?

    <p>The inhibitor does not bind to the active site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when enzyme concentration increases?

    <p>Reaction rate increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the consequence of not having enzymes in a living cell?

    <p>Life would not be possible as we know it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of non-competitive inhibition on the normal substrate's binding to the active site?

    <p>It has no effect on the substrate's binding to the active site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an enzyme in a reaction?

    <p>To convert reactants into products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the energy of the reactants?

    <p>Conversion of reactants to products becomes faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the LineWeaver Burk Plot also known as?

    <p>Double reciprocal plot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of catalysis in an enzyme?

    <p>At the active site of the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cofactors in enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

    <p>To enhance enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are enzymes essential for life?

    <p>They allow chemical reactions to occur at a timescale that makes life possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enzyme-substrate complex in the catalytic reaction?

    <p>To regenerate the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Lineweaver Burk Plot?

    <p>To calculate Km and Vmax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the reaction rate when all active sites are occupied?

    <p>The reaction rate becomes maximum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do enzymes affect the rate of chemical reactions?

    <p>They speed up chemical reactions to a rather amazing degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'humps' in the activation energy graph?

    <p>They represent the energy barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

    <p>Product of the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of all enzymes?

    <p>Not all enzymes work at the same rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate?

    <p>Direct proportionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the importance of enzymes?

    <p>There is a very strong need for enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Km represent in the Michaelis-Menten Equation?

    <p>Michaelis constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a high activation energy?

    <p>Reaction rate decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a straight line in the Lineweaver Burk Plot?

    <p>It indicates the type of inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics?

    <p>To study enzyme kinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of substrate concentration in the Michaelis-Menten Equation?

    <p>Molarity (M)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Michaelis-Menten Equation?

    <p>To describe the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Enzyme Concentration

    • Enzyme activity increases as enzyme concentration increases, with no limit to the reaction rate.
    • More enzymes mean more active sites, resulting in faster reaction rates and more substrate converted into product.
    • At a constant substrate concentration, the reaction rate is directly proportional to enzyme concentration.

    Activation Energy

    • The reaction path requires energy to overcome "humps" or activation energy.
    • The reactants need to pass through the activation energy to be converted into a product.
    • If the energy is low, the reactants can easily cross the activation energy, resulting in a faster conversion.
    • If the energy is high, the reactants cannot easily cross the activation energy, resulting in a slower or no conversion.

    Michaelis-Menten Kinetics

    • The Michaelis-Menten equation is used to calculate Km and Vmax.
    • The Lineweaver-Burk plot is a double reciprocal plot used to determine the mechanism of action of an enzyme.
    • The significance of a straight line in the Lineweaver-Burk plot is that it can be used to identify the type of inhibition that occurred.

    Enzyme Inhibition

    • Enzyme inhibitors are substances that slow down or stop the normal catalytic function of an enzyme by binding to it.
    • There are two modes of inhibition: irreversible inhibition and reversible inhibition.
    • Irreversible inhibition inactivates enzymes by forming a strong covalent bond with the enzyme's active site, making it impossible to form a normal enzyme-substrate complex.
    • Reversible inhibition occurs when the inhibitor binds to the enzyme, reducing its activity, but the enzyme can still bind to the substrate.

    Non-Competitive Inhibition

    • In non-competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the enzyme at a location other than the active site.
    • The normal substrate can still bind to the active site, but the enzyme's conformation is changed, resulting in no product formation.

    Metabolic Pathway

    • The metabolic pathway is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that produce a final product.
    • The first committed step is the crucial part of the metabolic pathway, and once the reaction starts, it will continue until the final product is produced.
    • The example of a metabolic pathway is the synthesis of cholesterol, where the first committed step is the reduction reaction catalyzed by HMG-CoA reductase.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the relationship between enzyme concentration and the rate of reaction, including factors affecting enzyme activity such as energized molecules and activation energy.

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