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Questions and Answers
What is the horizontal axis on the graph of reaction velocity?
What is the horizontal axis on the graph of reaction velocity?
- Inhibitor concentration
- Enzyme concentration
- Substrate concentration (correct)
- Reaction velocity or rate (Vo)
What does a small Km value indicate about an enzyme?
What does a small Km value indicate about an enzyme?
- The enzyme is inhibited
- The enzyme is irreversible
- The enzyme has a high affinity for its substrate (correct)
- The enzyme has a low affinity for its substrate
What is the result of irreversible inhibition?
What is the result of irreversible inhibition?
- The enzyme's active site is altered (correct)
- The enzyme is denatured
- The enzyme-substrate complex is formed
- The enzyme's active site is blocked
What is the function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?
What is the function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?
What is the mode of action of penicillin?
What is the mode of action of penicillin?
What is the purpose of the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km)?
What is the purpose of the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km)?
What is the effect of reversible inhibition on enzyme activity?
What is the effect of reversible inhibition on enzyme activity?
What is diisopropylphosphofluoridate an inhibitor of?
What is diisopropylphosphofluoridate an inhibitor of?
What is the substrate that binds to the active site of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase?
What is the substrate that binds to the active site of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase?
What is the product of the first committed step of the metabolic pathway?
What is the product of the first committed step of the metabolic pathway?
What is the effect of a non-competitive inhibitor on the enzyme?
What is the effect of a non-competitive inhibitor on the enzyme?
What is the role of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in the metabolic pathway?
What is the role of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in the metabolic pathway?
What happens to the enzyme-inhibitor complex in non-competitive inhibition?
What happens to the enzyme-inhibitor complex in non-competitive inhibition?
What is the ultimate product of the metabolic pathway?
What is the ultimate product of the metabolic pathway?
What determines the rate of reaction according to the graph?
What determines the rate of reaction according to the graph?
What is the characteristic of non-competitive inhibition in terms of active site binding?
What is the characteristic of non-competitive inhibition in terms of active site binding?
What happens when enzyme concentration increases?
What happens when enzyme concentration increases?
What would be the consequence of not having enzymes in a living cell?
What would be the consequence of not having enzymes in a living cell?
What is the effect of non-competitive inhibition on the normal substrate's binding to the active site?
What is the effect of non-competitive inhibition on the normal substrate's binding to the active site?
What is the purpose of an enzyme in a reaction?
What is the purpose of an enzyme in a reaction?
What is the effect of increasing the energy of the reactants?
What is the effect of increasing the energy of the reactants?
What is the LineWeaver Burk Plot also known as?
What is the LineWeaver Burk Plot also known as?
What is the location of catalysis in an enzyme?
What is the location of catalysis in an enzyme?
What is the role of cofactors in enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
What is the role of cofactors in enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
Why are enzymes essential for life?
Why are enzymes essential for life?
What is the role of the enzyme-substrate complex in the catalytic reaction?
What is the role of the enzyme-substrate complex in the catalytic reaction?
What is the purpose of the Lineweaver Burk Plot?
What is the purpose of the Lineweaver Burk Plot?
What happens to the reaction rate when all active sites are occupied?
What happens to the reaction rate when all active sites are occupied?
How do enzymes affect the rate of chemical reactions?
How do enzymes affect the rate of chemical reactions?
What is the significance of the 'humps' in the activation energy graph?
What is the significance of the 'humps' in the activation energy graph?
What is the product of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
What is the product of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
What is a characteristic of all enzymes?
What is a characteristic of all enzymes?
What is the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate?
What is the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate?
What can be said about the importance of enzymes?
What can be said about the importance of enzymes?
What does the Km represent in the Michaelis-Menten Equation?
What does the Km represent in the Michaelis-Menten Equation?
What is the effect of a high activation energy?
What is the effect of a high activation energy?
What is the significance of a straight line in the Lineweaver Burk Plot?
What is the significance of a straight line in the Lineweaver Burk Plot?
What is the purpose of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics?
What is the purpose of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics?
What is the unit of substrate concentration in the Michaelis-Menten Equation?
What is the unit of substrate concentration in the Michaelis-Menten Equation?
What is the purpose of the Michaelis-Menten Equation?
What is the purpose of the Michaelis-Menten Equation?
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Study Notes
Enzyme Concentration
- Enzyme activity increases as enzyme concentration increases, with no limit to the reaction rate.
- More enzymes mean more active sites, resulting in faster reaction rates and more substrate converted into product.
- At a constant substrate concentration, the reaction rate is directly proportional to enzyme concentration.
Activation Energy
- The reaction path requires energy to overcome "humps" or activation energy.
- The reactants need to pass through the activation energy to be converted into a product.
- If the energy is low, the reactants can easily cross the activation energy, resulting in a faster conversion.
- If the energy is high, the reactants cannot easily cross the activation energy, resulting in a slower or no conversion.
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
- The Michaelis-Menten equation is used to calculate Km and Vmax.
- The Lineweaver-Burk plot is a double reciprocal plot used to determine the mechanism of action of an enzyme.
- The significance of a straight line in the Lineweaver-Burk plot is that it can be used to identify the type of inhibition that occurred.
Enzyme Inhibition
- Enzyme inhibitors are substances that slow down or stop the normal catalytic function of an enzyme by binding to it.
- There are two modes of inhibition: irreversible inhibition and reversible inhibition.
- Irreversible inhibition inactivates enzymes by forming a strong covalent bond with the enzyme's active site, making it impossible to form a normal enzyme-substrate complex.
- Reversible inhibition occurs when the inhibitor binds to the enzyme, reducing its activity, but the enzyme can still bind to the substrate.
Non-Competitive Inhibition
- In non-competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the enzyme at a location other than the active site.
- The normal substrate can still bind to the active site, but the enzyme's conformation is changed, resulting in no product formation.
Metabolic Pathway
- The metabolic pathway is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that produce a final product.
- The first committed step is the crucial part of the metabolic pathway, and once the reaction starts, it will continue until the final product is produced.
- The example of a metabolic pathway is the synthesis of cholesterol, where the first committed step is the reduction reaction catalyzed by HMG-CoA reductase.
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