Enzyme Classes Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What do oxidoreductases catalyze?

Transfer of functional groups

Joining two large biomolecules

Cleavage with the addition of water

Oxidation-reduction reactions (correct)

What is the primary function of transferases?

Move a functional group from one molecule to another.

What do hydrolases catalyze?

Cleavage with the addition of water.

What is a distinguishing feature of lyases?

Catalyze cleavage without water and without the transfer of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What do isomerases do?

Catalyze the interconversion of isomers. Signup and view all the answers

What are ligases responsible for?

Joining two large biomolecules. Signup and view all the answers

What are constitutional isomers?

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different connectivity. Signup and view all the answers

What are stereoisomers?

Same molecular formula and connectivity but different spatial orientation. Signup and view all the answers

The classes of enzymes can be remembered by the acronym ______.

LIL HOT Signup and view all the answers

List the classes of enzymes represented by the acronym 'LIL HOT'.

Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases, Hydrolases, Oxidoreductases, Transferases. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Enzyme Classes Overview

Oxidoreductases: Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions; involve the transfer of electrons where at least one substrate gets oxidized and one reduced.
Transferases: Enzymes that facilitate the transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another, playing a critical role in various metabolic reactions.
Hydrolases: Catalyze the cleavage of bonds through the addition of water; break C-O, C-N, and C-S bonds in hydrolysis reactions by adding OH and H+ ions.
Lyases: Enzymes that cleave substrates without adding water and do not transfer electrons; they are often involved in the reverse reaction which is more biologically significant.
Isomerases: Enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of isomers—both constitutional and stereoisomers; they rearrange atoms within molecules to produce isomers.
Ligases: Responsible for joining large biomolecules, typically through the synthesis of various bonds (C-C, C-S, C-O, C-N) by utilizing the energy derived from ATP cleavage.

Isomer Types

Constitutional Isomers: Molecules that share the same molecular formula but differ in the bonding order of atoms, resulting in distinct compounds.
Stereoisomers: Molecules with the same molecular formula and connectivity as their constitutional isomers but vary in the spatial orientation of their bonds, leading to different properties.

Quick Reference for Enzyme Classes

LIL HOT: An acronym for remembering the classes of enzymes:
- L - Ligases
- I - Isomerases
- L - Lyases
- H - Hydrolases
- O - Oxidoreductases
- T - Transferases

Description

Test your knowledge on different classes of enzymes with these flashcards. Each card provides a term and a concise definition to help you understand the role of oxidoreductases, transferases, and hydrolases in biochemical reactions. Ideal for students and enthusiasts of biochemistry.