Questions and Answers
What do oxidoreductases catalyze?
What is the primary function of transferases?
Move a functional group from one molecule to another.
What do hydrolases catalyze?
Cleavage with the addition of water.
What is a distinguishing feature of lyases?
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What do isomerases do?
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What are ligases responsible for?
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What are constitutional isomers?
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What are stereoisomers?
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The classes of enzymes can be remembered by the acronym ______.
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List the classes of enzymes represented by the acronym 'LIL HOT'.
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Study Notes
Enzyme Classes Overview
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Oxidoreductases: Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions; involve the transfer of electrons where at least one substrate gets oxidized and one reduced.
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Transferases: Enzymes that facilitate the transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another, playing a critical role in various metabolic reactions.
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Hydrolases: Catalyze the cleavage of bonds through the addition of water; break C-O, C-N, and C-S bonds in hydrolysis reactions by adding OH and H+ ions.
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Lyases: Enzymes that cleave substrates without adding water and do not transfer electrons; they are often involved in the reverse reaction which is more biologically significant.
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Isomerases: Enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of isomers—both constitutional and stereoisomers; they rearrange atoms within molecules to produce isomers.
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Ligases: Responsible for joining large biomolecules, typically through the synthesis of various bonds (C-C, C-S, C-O, C-N) by utilizing the energy derived from ATP cleavage.
Isomer Types
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Constitutional Isomers: Molecules that share the same molecular formula but differ in the bonding order of atoms, resulting in distinct compounds.
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Stereoisomers: Molecules with the same molecular formula and connectivity as their constitutional isomers but vary in the spatial orientation of their bonds, leading to different properties.
Quick Reference for Enzyme Classes
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LIL HOT: An acronym for remembering the classes of enzymes:
- L - Ligases
- I - Isomerases
- L - Lyases
- H - Hydrolases
- O - Oxidoreductases
- T - Transferases
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Test your knowledge on different classes of enzymes with these flashcards. Each card provides a term and a concise definition to help you understand the role of oxidoreductases, transferases, and hydrolases in biochemical reactions. Ideal for students and enthusiasts of biochemistry.