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Environmental Science Water Quality Quiz
37 Questions
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Environmental Science Water Quality Quiz

Created by
@PortableFractal

Questions and Answers

What is the expected effect of fertilizer on the growth of crop plants in the field and plants in the lake?

  • increase growth decrease growth
  • decrease growth decrease growth
  • increase growth increase growth (correct)
  • decrease growth increase growth

    • Which change could explain the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere?

  • more photosynthesis by plants
  • people breathing faster
  • less combustion of fossil fuels
  • more combustion of stored carbon compounds from dead organisms (correct)

    • What human activity can lead to eutrophication of lakes?

  • using fertilisers (correct)
  • using pesticides
  • releasing carbon dioxide
  • releasing sulfur dioxide

    • What is a possible consequence of using insecticides in low concentrations?

    <p>Insecticides enter the food chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pollutant is most likely to cause mutations?

    <p>nuclear radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following animals lives in the most polluted water?

    <p>blood worm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the oxygen concentration and the number of bacteria between the point at which sewage is added and point P?

    <p>Oxygen concentration decreases and number of bacteria increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is least likely to thrive in clean water?

    <p>blood worm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely effect of increased pollutants on aquatic biodiversity?

    <p>Biodiversity decreases as sensitive species are eliminated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms could serve as an indicator of water quality?

    <p>caddis fly larva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely consequence of adding sewage to a river?

    <p>Decreased oxygen levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal is adapted to survive in environments with fluctuating oxygen levels?

    <p>blood worm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is most likely to experience acid rain as a result of sulfur dioxide emissions?

    <p>A region close to urban and industrial sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population in the graph is most likely to be herbivores?

    <p>Population B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of deforestation has the greatest effect on the atmosphere?

    <p>Reduction of photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the river would there likely be fewest bloodworms?

    <p>Near the input of sewage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the process of eutrophication and its effect on a river?

    <p>Nutrients enter the river, causing algae to grow, which die and decompose, leading to water deoxygenation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential effects of deforestation?

    <p>Loss of habitat and increased carbon dioxide levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is most likely if a farmer's fertilizer drains into a lake after a storm?

    <p>Decrease in oxygen levels due to algae growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the effects of pesticides is true?

    <p>Pesticide accumulation increases with each trophic level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of soil erosion as a result of deforestation?

    <p>Removal of tree roots that stabilize the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process may result in eutrophication in a lake?

    <p>Fertilisers entering from farmland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two gases both contribute to global warming?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and methane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of events resulting from the over-use of fertilisers?

    <p>Algae grow, fish die, oxygen decreases, bacteria grow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential impact of untreated sewage being released into a river?

    <p>Decrease in oxygen concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gases contributes minimally to global warming?

    <p>Sulfur dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most likely to lead to soil erosion?

    <p>Rainwater run-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of fertiliser run-off into water bodies?

    <p>Enhanced fish diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agricultural activity can cause the most pollution?

    <p>Adding artificial fertilisers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be the cause of increased fish mortality due to dissolved oxygen depletion in a river?

    <p>Over-use of fertilisers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pesticide was found to be the most dangerous to fish based on the concentration that killed 50% within four days?

    <p>DDT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used to effectively kill weeds in a crop?

    <p>Herbicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to soil nutrients and erosion when a large area is heavily overgrazed for many years?

    <p>Soil nutrients decrease and erosion increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does deforestation have on the levels of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapour in the atmosphere?

    <p>Increases carbon dioxide and decreases oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a persistent pesticide?

    <p>It can contaminate soil for a long time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which point does raw sewage typically enter the river based on typical river flow effects?

    <p>Midstream where pollutants accumulate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water Pollution and Eutrophication

    • Rain impact on the ground can lead to rainwater runoff, which may cause soil erosion and affect soil fertility.
    • Oxygen concentration in rivers changes with pollution levels, often decreasing near sewage outlets.
    • Eutrophication is caused by nutrient-rich runoff, especially from fertilizers, leading to algae blooms and subsequent depletion of oxygen, harming aquatic life.

    Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming

    • Major contributors to global warming include carbon dioxide and methane.
    • Increased carbon dioxide levels are often linked to combustion of fossil fuels and stored carbon compounds from dead organisms.

    Eutrophication Process

    • Sequence of events in eutrophication: nutrients enter water, causing algal growth, then algae die and decompose, bacteria flourish, leading to decreased oxygen levels, which can result in fish deaths.

    Ecological Impact of Pesticides

    • Pesticides accumulate in food chains, affecting wildlife, with herbivores most likely to accumulate higher pesticide levels.
    • Persistent pesticides do not break down easily and can cause long-term ecological disruptions.

    Deforestation Effects

    • Deforestation primarily reduces photosynthesis, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and affecting global oxygen and water vapor quantities.
    • Other effects include increased flooding and soil erosion, as well as loss of biodiversity.

    Agricultural Practices and Pollution

    • Over-use of fertilizers can lead to nutrient runoff into water bodies, causing eutrophication and adversely affecting both terrestrial and aquatic plant growth.
    • Herbicides are selectively used to control weed growth in crops without harming the crop plants.

    Water Quality Indicators

    • Bloodworms are indicators of poor water quality, often found in areas of high pollution such as near sewage inputs.
    • Clean water typically supports a variety of species, while polluted areas support fewer and more tolerant species.

    Oxygen and Bacteria Dynamics

    • Adding sewage to rivers results in increased bacteria populations and decreased dissolved oxygen levels due to decomposing organic matter.

    Identifying Pollution Sources

    • Sulfur dioxide emissions are linked to acid rain formation, with prevailing wind directions influencing affected regions.
    • Different agricultural activities vary in their potential for causing water pollution, with artificial fertilizers being particularly harmful.

    Summary of Key Concepts

    • Eutrophication and water pollution significantly impact biodiversity and river health, affecting oxygen levels and aquatic ecosystems.
    • Understanding the relationships between agricultural practices and environmental impacts is crucial for sustainable land and water management.

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    Description

    This quiz covers important concepts related to environmental science, including rain impact, runoff, soil erosion, and fertility. It also examines the quality of water in different positions along a river affected by factors like untreated sewage.

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