Environmental Science Quiz on Gas Concentration
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Questions and Answers

What is the formula to convert concentration from mg/m3 at a specific temperature to mg/Nm3?

  • C_mg/Nm3 = C_T / (T1 - T2)
  • C_mg/Nm3 = C_T · (T2 / T1)
  • C_mg/Nm3 = C_T + (T1 / T2)
  • C_mg/Nm3 = C_T · (T1 / T2) (correct)

    • If the reference NOx emission factor is measured at 12% O2, what is the conversion factor to 10% O2?

  • 21 - OR
  • 21 - 10 (correct)
  • 21 - EM
  • 21 - OM

    • What is the molar weight of 1-butanol (C4H10O) calculated based on its molecular formula?

  • 82 g/mol
  • 62 g/mol
  • 58 g/mol
  • 74 g/mol (correct)

    • In the example provided, what concentration value falls within the range of 200-450 mg/Nm3?

    <p>334.6 mg/Nm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flow rate of the flue gas stream mentioned for the spray booth?

    <p>1200 m3/h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At a temperature of 350°C, what is the additional constant added to the Celsius value for the conversion to Kelvin?

    <p>273.15 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When converting the concentration of flue gas from mg/m3 to mg/Nm3, what temperature is commonly set as the reference point for mg/Nm3?

    <p>0°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To find the moles in 1 m3 of the gas stream with 0.1% volume 1-butanol, what is the volume percentage equivalent to moles?

    <p>0.1 moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of contamination mentioned?

    <p>Soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of fuel leaks leading to groundwater contamination?

    <p>Underground storage tanks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contaminants is specifically mentioned as a light hydrocarbon?

    <p>Benzene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    BTEX is an acronym that includes which of the following compounds?

    <p>Toluene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of benzene makes it particularly hazardous?

    <p>It has a sweet smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which contaminant is specifically noted for use in decaffeinating coffee?

    <p>Benzene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of carbon dioxide (CO2)?

    <p>44 g/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hydrocarbons is particularly related to groundwater contamination from oil spills?

    <p>Light hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these contaminants is a common byproduct of gasoline?

    <p>MTBE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At standard conditions (1 atm and 0°C), what is the volume of 1 mole of gas?

    <p>22.414 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of soil contamination with hydrocarbons?

    <p>Impaired soil structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the number of moles in 1 m3 calculated?

    <p>n = 44.615 moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to the volatilization of contaminants from soil?

    <p>High temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 1 ppm represent in terms of gas concentration?

    <p>1 mole of gas per 1 million moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Dalton's law primarily concerned with?

    <p>The total pressure and partial pressures in a gas mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the partial pressures of gases in a mixture related to their moles?

    <p>They are directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using ppm and ppb as units of measure for gas pollutants?

    <p>They remain unchanged under different conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the numerical equivalent of 1 ppm in cm3 for 1 m3?

    <p>1 cm3 in 1 m3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the formula for molarity express?

    <p>Moles of solute per unit volume of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is equivalent to ppm in terms of concentration in solid phase?

    <p>mg/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you express the conversion of mass/volume concentration to molarity?

    <p>C = mol / volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a solution has a concentration of 0.15 mol/L of NaCl, what is its mass concentration in mg/L?

    <p>8767 mg/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration of Fe in drinking water expressed in mg/L?

    <p>200 mg/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines ng/L concentration?

    <p>Nanograms per liter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of ppb in terms of mass concentration?

    <p>μg/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between sorption and absorption?

    <p>Sorption refers to surface phenomena; absorption refers to bulk phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the concentration expressed as mass/volume?

    <p>Molarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of C in mg/Nm3 at 60°C if C in m3 is 2707?

    <p>3302 mg/Nm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the coefficient of dispersion 𝜎𝑗 in the expression for diffusivity?

    <p>It influences the rate of spread of the pollutant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the model for instantaneous point source, which component is specified as non-zero?

    <p>𝐾𝑥𝑥, 𝐾𝑦𝑦, and 𝐾𝑧𝑧</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concentration formula for an instantaneous point source indicate about time t?

    <p>Concentration decreases over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a continuous point source model, what is the nature of the plume?

    <p>Steady-state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the horizontal wind affect the concentration of pollutants in the formulas provided?

    <p>It influences the distribution of the pollutant in the x direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption is made about the turbulence in the models discussed?

    <p>Turbulence is homogenous and constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the two types of point source models described, what is the primary difference in the pollutant source strength?

    <p>Instantaneous points use strength Q; continuous points use strength S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the concentration and the variables 𝑦 and 𝑧 in the continuous point source model?

    <p>Concentration depends inversely on 𝑦 and 𝑧.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variable relates to the elevation from which flue gases are emitted?

    <p>𝐻</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Eulerian models in air dispersion?

    <p>They employ a fixed reference system in Cartesian coordinates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the mass budget equation for an Eulerian model, what does the 'S' term represent?

    <p>The source term expressing how much pollutant appears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of continuous release models in air dispersion?

    <p>Assessment of steady-state concentrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the turbulent diffusion term depend on in the mass budget equation?

    <p>The heterogeneity of the velocity field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about puff models is correct?

    <p>They divide the plume into finite volumes emitted at different times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of pollutants were assessed in the impact study of gas boilers in Turin?

    <p>NOx concentrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an air dispersion model, which factor is crucial for determining pollutant concentration?

    <p>The flow rate and temperature of flue gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the turbulent diffusivity tensor (Kjk) describe?

    <p>The diffusion of pollutants due to turbulence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable 'c' represent in the mass budget equation?

    <p>The concentration of the pollutant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an Eulerian model account for the advection of pollutants?

    <p>Through fixed coordinates and velocity components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the climatological model in pollutant dispersion?

    <p>To analyze long-term weather patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a continuous release model?

    <p>It models a steady state for pollutant emissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the mass balance equation to be solved effectively in air dispersion models?

    <p>Detailed chemical reaction pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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