Environmental Science Overview Quiz

Sains Alam Sekitar

• Konsep Alam Sekitar: Interaksi antara komponen biotik (hidupan) dan abiotik (bukan hidup).
• Ekosistem: Terdiri daripada komuniti organisma dan persekitaran fizikal mereka.
• Kepelbagaian Biologi: Penting untuk kestabilan ekosistem dan sumber makanan.
• Pencemaran: Kesan negatif aktiviti manusia seperti pencemaran udara, air, dan tanah.

Fizik

• Kuantiti Fizik: Terdapat dua jenis - kuantiti skalar (contoh: suhu) dan kuantiti vektor (contoh: daya).
• Hukum Newton: Tiga hukum pergerakan yang menerangkan hubungan antara daya dan pergerakan objek.
• Tenaga: Terdapat dalam pelbagai bentuk seperti tenaga kinetik, potensi, haba, dan elektrik.

Kimia

• Jadual Berkala: Pembahagian unsur mengikut nombor atom dan sifat kimia.
• Reaksi Kimia: Proses perubahan bahan, termasuk reaksi penggantian, pembakaran, dan penguraian.
• Asid dan Pangkalan: Asid melepaskan ion hidrogen (H+), manakala pangkalan melepaskan ion hidroksida (OH-).

Biologi

• Sel: Unit asas kehidupan; terdiri daripada organel dengan fungsi tertentu.
• Kereaktifan Logam: Tingkat reaktiviti berbeza antara logam; logam alkali paling reaktif, diikuti oleh logam transisi.
• Sistem Peredaran Darah: Terdiri daripada jantung, saluran darah, dan darah; berfungsi untuk mengangkut oksigen dan nutrien ke seluruh badan.

Kereaktifan Logam

• Kereaktifan: Logam berbeza dalam keupayaan mereka untuk bertindak balas dengan air, asid, dan oksigen.
• Kereaktifan Logam Alkali: Sangat reaktif dengan air; menghasilkan gas hidrogen dan larutan alkali.
• Kereaktifan Logam Transisi: Kurang reaktif berbanding logam alkali; sering digunakan dalam industri dan sebagai pemangkin.

Peredaran Darah

• Komponen: Jantung (pam), saluran darah (arteri, vena, kapilari), dan darah (sel darah merah, sel darah putih, platelet).
• Fungsi: Mengangkut oksigen, nutrien, hormon, dan membuang sisa metabolik.
• Kitaran Peredaran: Terdiri daripada peredaran sistemik (darah ke seluruh badan) dan peredaran pulmonari (darah ke paru-paru).

Sistem Penjanaan Kuasa

• Sumber Tenaga: Boleh diperbaharui (contoh: solar, angin) dan tidak diperbaharui (contoh: arang batu, gas).
• Penjanaan Elektrik: Melibatkan penukaran tenaga mekanikal kepada tenaga elektrik menggunakan turbin.
• Keberkesanan: Sistem penjanaan kuasa perlu cekap untuk mengurangkan pembaziran tenaga dan impak alam sekitar.

Environmental Science

• Concept of Environment: Interaction between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.
• Ecosystem: Comprises communities of organisms and their physical environment, supporting biodiversity.
• Biodiversity: Essential for ecosystem stability and food resource sustainability.
• Pollution: Negative consequences of human activities including air, water, and soil pollution.

Physics

• Physical Quantities: Two types exist; scalar quantities (e.g., temperature) and vector quantities (e.g., force).
• Newton's Laws: Three laws of motion explaining the relationship between force and the motion of objects.
• Energy Forms: Exists in various forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, and electrical energy.

Chemistry

• Periodic Table: Arrangement of elements based on atomic number and chemical properties.
• Chemical Reactions: Processes where substances change, including substitution, combustion, and decomposition reactions.
• Acids and Bases: Acids release hydrogen ions (H+), while bases release hydroxide ions (OH-).

Biology

• Cell: The basic unit of life, comprising organelles with specific functions.
• Metal Reactivity: Varies among metals; alkali metals are the most reactive, followed by transition metals.
• Circulatory System: Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.

Metal Reactivity

• Reactivity: Metals differ in their ability to react with water, acids, and oxygen.
• Alkali Metal Reactivity: Highly reactive with water, producing hydrogen gas and an alkaline solution.
• Transition Metal Reactivity: Less reactive than alkali metals; commonly utilized in industries and as catalysts.

Circulatory System

• Components: Comprises the heart (pump), blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets).
• Functions: Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
• Circulation Cycle: Consists of systemic circulation (blood flow throughout the body) and pulmonary circulation (blood flow to the lungs).

Power Generation System

• Energy Sources: Renewable sources (e.g., solar, wind) and non-renewable sources (e.g., coal, gas).
• Electricity Generation: Involves converting mechanical energy to electrical energy using turbines.
• Efficiency: Power generation systems must be efficient to minimize energy waste and environmental impact.

Test your knowledge on important concepts in Environmental Science, including the interaction of biotic and abiotic components, ecosystems, biodiversity, and pollution. This quiz covers essential topics that are crucial for understanding the stability of ecosystems and the impact of human activities.