Environmental Science Overview

Environmental Crisis

• Environmental crisis are not solely due to population.
• It's a complex issue with many contributing factors.

Ozone Depletion

• Ozone depletion is harmful to human skin.

Biosphere

• The lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere together form the biosphere.

Wildlife Sanctuaries

• Wildlife sanctuaries are established to protect various wild species, not just birds.

Cyclones

• Wind speeds reach 100 km per hour or more during cyclones.

Acid Rain

• Acid rain occurs due to the dissolution of gases in rainwater.

Environmental Education

• Environmental education focuses on environmental issues and solutions.

Aesthetic Value of Environment

• The aesthetic value of the environment is enhanced by plants with colorful flowers.

Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, Refuse

• Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, and Refuse are known as the "4 R's" for sustainable development.

Crude Birth Rate

• The crude birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 people in a population annually.

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

• The BOD is the amount of oxygen required for microbial degradation of organic matter in water.

Fossil Fuels

• Remains of organisms converted into fuels are fossil fuels.

Tremors

• The shaking and trembling of Earth is called a tremor.

Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

• Coal and petroleum are non-renewable resources.

Afforestation

• Planting a tree to produce fruits is an example of afforestation, not just sustainability.

Rainfall

• Rainfall is measured in centimeters or inches.

NGOs and Environmental Education

• NGOs, along with government entities, play a role in educating people about environmental issues.

Chipko Andolan

• The Chipko Movement, a tree-hugging movement in Uttarakhand, protested against deforestation.

Global Warming

• Global warming refers to the slow gradual rise in Earth's temperature due to greenhouse gases.

Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable

• Non-biodegradable substances are not decomposable by biological means.

Point Source Pollution

• A sewage treatment plant is an example of a point source of pollution.

Smog

• Smoke and fog combine to form smog.

Fly Ash Pollution

• Fly ash from thermal power stations causes both air and soil pollution.

Renewable Resources

• Renewable resources are inexhaustible or last for a long time.

Photochemical Smog

• Photochemical smog is a type of outdoor air pollution.

Green Revolution

• The Green Revolution was a rapid growth in world food production.

Ethics

• Ethics are a code of conduct based on moral values.

Biodiversity

• Biodiversity refers to the physical or biological complexity of a system.

Cyclones

• Wind circulates anticlockwise around an area of low pressure during a cyclone.

Bhopal Gas Tragedy

• The leakage of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) occurred in Bhopal at midnight.

Sustainable Development

• Sustainable development focuses on meeting present needs while not compromising future needs.

Rare Plant Extinction

• We need to prevent the extinction of rare plants.

Plants as Resources

• Plants are valuable resources for food, fruits, and life-saving medicines.

Land Crisis

• Land crisis is driven by rising population.

Ozone Depletion

• Ozone depletion refers to the thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere.

Salinity

• The percentage of salt in water is expressed as salinity.

Non-Replaceable Resources

• Any exhaustible natural resource that cannot be replaced is a non-replaceable resource.

Photochemical Smog

• The reaction between hydrocarbons and ozone in sunlight leads to photochemical smog.

Waste Management

• Waste management encompasses procedures for the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste.

Public Awareness

• Public awareness aims at protecting natural resources.

Deforestation

• Deforestation destroys natural ecosystems.

Abiotic System

• An abiotic system is one without life.

Sanitation and Water Crisis

• Lack of safe sanitation can lead to water crisis.

Recycling

• Metals, glass, and plastics can be recycled.

Natural Resources

• Resources found in Earth's crust are classified as natural resources.

Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants synthesize food in sunlight.

Solid Waste

• Solid waste is hard waste matter that needs dilution.

Noise Pollution

• Unpleasant sound at high levels causes noise pollution.

Point Source Pollution

• Point source pollution refers to the release of pollutants from an identifiable source.

Sustainable Development

• Sustainable development emphasizes appropriate actions to meet present needs without compromising future needs.

Waste Disposal

• Safe waste disposal is essential for environmental protection.

Chemical Diversity

• Species in the world have numerous complex chemicals.

Aesthetic Value of Environment

• The aesthetic value of the environment gives us peace.

Population Growth and Social Impact

• Population growth affects the status of women, children, education, and shelter.

CFCs as Refrigerants

• CFCs are widely used as refrigerants.

Rio Declaration

• The Rio Declaration, issued during the 1992 Earth Summit, outlined points of agreement on sustainable development.

Environmental Protection

• Environmental protection is critical for saving the environment.

Carbon Cycle

• The carbon cycle describes the cyclic movement of carbon between the environment and organisms.

Ecosystem

• An ecosystem is a group of co-existing organisms that interact with their environment.

Ozone Layer

• The ozone layer, located in the stratosphere (10-50 km above Earth), absorbs ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight.

Threatened Species

• A species that exists but is declining in number is considered a threatened species.

Protection of Wild Species

• Laws prohibit the hunting and capture of wild species.

Chipko Andolan

• The Chipko Movement, involving women in Tehri-Garhwal, Uttarakhand, was a significant environmental movement.

Landfills

• Landfills are areas outside cities where municipal waste is dumped.

Montreal Protocol

• The Montreal Protocol, put forth by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), is a treaty aimed at phasing out ozone-depleting substances.

Biosphere

• The biosphere encompasses all living organisms and their interactions with the environment.

Ecosystems

• Ecosystems are smaller units within the larger biosphere, representing specific environmental systems.

Greenhouse Effect

• The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms Earth's surface.

Global Warming

• The greenhouse effect is responsible for global warming, which is the abnormal warming of Earth's climate.

Greenhouse Gases

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) are major greenhouse gases.

Desert Climate and Temperature Fluctuations

• In deserts, the lack of water vapor in the air leads to significant temperature differences between day and night due to the absence of a barrier for emanating infrared radiation from the Earth's surface.

Solar Energy

• The sun's radiation energy is produced by nuclear fusion reactions.

Greenhouse Gas Atmospheric Lifetime

• Carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) has the highest atmospheric lifetime among the listed greenhouse gases, contributing to long-term climate change.

Cattle Farming and Methane

• Cattle farming is a significant source of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas.

This quiz covers key concepts in environmental science, addressing issues such as ozone depletion, wildlife sanctuaries, and the significance of sustainable practices like the 4 R's. It explores complex environmental crises and the importance of education and aesthetic values in the ecosystem.