Environmental Science

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a part of the abiotic environment?

  • Water
  • Soil
  • Air
  • Decomposers (correct)

What is the primary form in which energy is returned to the atmosphere?

  • Heat (correct)
  • Kinetic energy
  • Chemical energy
  • Light

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere?

  • Oxygen cycle
  • Carbon cycle (correct)
  • Nitrogen cycle
  • Water Cycle

What is the most significant cause of ozone depletion?

<p>Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

<p>Stratosphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate interpretation of the term 'est mens' concerning the environment?

<p>Surrounding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where a local government decides to incinerate municipal solid waste without proper emission controls. Which of the following environmental consequences is LEAST likely to occur?

<p>Depletion of the ozone layer due to the release of volatile organic compounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A remote, isolated island ecosystem experiences a sudden volcanic eruption, drastically altering the landscape and eliminating a keystone species that regulated the population of a dominant herbivore. Formulate the most plausible long-term trajectory for species diversity on this island, assuming no external intervention.

<p>Species diversity will initially decrease due to habitat loss and the keystone species' extinction, followed by a gradual recovery as opportunistic species fill vacant niches and the ecosystem establishes a new equilibrium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the social environment?

<p>Traditions, ethics, and culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ozone layer?

<p>To shield life from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased burning of fossil fuels directly contributes to which environmental issue?

<p>Increase in greenhouse gases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of the Earth's surface covered by water?

<p>71% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices embodies the principles of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle in waste management?

<p>Repurposing old materials into new products instead of discarding them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides carbon dioxide and methane, which of the following gases is also a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect?

<p>Nitrous oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The interaction of which spheres is most directly responsible for the phenomenon of acid rain impacting a historical monument like the Taj Mahal?

<p>Atmosphere and Hydrosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a scenario where a new, highly potent greenhouse gas, 'Compound X,' is released into the atmosphere. Even in small concentrations, it demonstrates an exceptionally long atmospheric lifetime and a radiative efficiency significantly higher than carbon dioxide. Which of the following long-term geophysical consequences is MOST probable, assuming continued emissions of Compound X?

<p>A destabilization of major ocean current systems, potentially triggering abrupt regional climate shifts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Abiotic Environment

Includes non-living components like air, water, and soil.

Greenhouse gases

Gases such as CO2, NO2, and methane that trap heat in the atmosphere.

Ozone Layer

Layer in the stratosphere that protects life from UV rays.

Acid Rain

Rain that contains harmful substances like sulfuric acid, affecting environment.

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Biosphere

The area where all living organisms interact with each other.

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Photochemical Reaction

Chemical change caused by the effect of light, important for ozone formation.

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Carbon Cycle

The process by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment.

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Chloro Fluoro Carbons (CFCs)

Major cause of ozone depletion, found in refrigerants and aerosols.

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Hydrosphere

The water-related components of the environment, impacted by pollution.

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Greenhouse Effect

The warming of Earth's surface due to greenhouse gases trapping heat.

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Ozone Depletion

The reduction of the ozone layer, primarily caused by CFCs.

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Acid Rain Impact

Causes soil acidification and can lead to crop loss.

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Ozone Formation

Occurs through photochemical reactions involving sunlight.

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Biosphere Components

Includes living organisms; the interaction zone for life.

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Solar Flux

The amount of solar radiation received by the Earth.

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Waste Management Methods

Includes reducing, reusing, and recycling to handle waste effectively.

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Study Notes

MCQ Question Types

  • Abiotic environment includes: air, water, soil
  • Chief source of energy: sun
  • Energy is returned to the atmosphere in the form of heat
  • Hydrosphere is an example of: biosphere
  • Consisting of: air, water, and soil
  • Formation of ozone: photochemical reaction
  • Type of environment: physical, man-made, social
  • Social environment: tradition, ethics, culture
  • Physical environment: abiotic environment
  • Term 'environment' means: surrounding
  • Major cause of acid rain: acidification of soil, loss of crops, decrease in mortality
  • Impact of acid rain: acidification of soil, loss of crops, decrease in mortality
  • Which of the following components are recyclable: waste (metal, plastic, sand)
  • 4Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle, responsible use
  • Public, environment, saving natures

Other Environmental Concepts

  • Ozone layer: saves life from UV rays
  • Greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, methane, fossil fuels
  • Greenhouse effect increase: fossil fuels
  • Harmful environment pollution: thermal pollution
  • Height of ozone layer: 15-30 km
  • Stratosphere contains ozone
  • Biotic environment includes: producers, consumers, decomposers
  • Colour of ozone molecule: blue
  • Percentage of earth's surface covered by water: 71%
  • Fresh water reserve: 2.7%
  • NO2 gas is: greenhouse gas
  • Major cause of ozone depletion: chlorofluorocarbons
  • Troposphere: lowest layer of atmosphere
  • Ozone hole: destruction of ozone layer
  • How atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere are connected: carbon cycle
  • Area where all living organisms interact: biosphere
  • Biosphere: the portion of the earth and its environment where living organisms exist
  • Historical monument affected by acid rain: Taj Mahal
  • Solar radiation amount: solar flux
  • Sphere of environment least affected by acid rain: atmosphere
  • Acid rain contains: sulfuric acid
  • High levels of waste disposal: dumping in sealed containers
  • Biogas production: from waste (recovery)
  • Abiotic components of the ecosystem: humus, temperature, wind, water
  • Atmosphere's height: 800 km

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