Environmental Science History Quiz
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Environmental Science History Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is Aldo Leopold best known for?

  • The writing of Silent Spring
  • His role in the founding of Earth Day
  • The concept of the land ethic (correct)
  • His collaboration with Rachel Carson

    • Which book did Rachel Carson write that addressed pesticide dangers?

  • The Ecology of Man
  • The Land Ethic
  • Silent Spring (correct)
  • A Sand County Almanac

    • What significant environmental event took place between June 3-14, 1992?

  • The launch of Earth Day
  • The Earth Summit (correct)
  • The Global Climate Conference
  • The signing of the Kyoto Protocol

    • What was one outcome of Rachel Carson's work?

    <p>The ban on DDT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aldo Leopold suggest about the way we view land?

    <p>It should be treated with love and respect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the Convention on Biological Diversity signed at the Earth Summit?

    <p>To conserve biodiversity and share genetic resources equitably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which international treaty was established to address global warming?

    <p>Kyoto Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial public reaction to Rachel Carson's findings?

    <p>Attacks from pesticide companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes renewable resources from non-renewable resources?

    <p>Renewable resources can be replenished, while non-renewable resources cannot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of stewardship as described in the context?

    <p>Humans are to care for creation and not abuse it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of early environmental science studies?

    <p>Discovering new species and ecological processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who authored 'An Essay on the Principle of Population'?

    <p>Thomas Robert Malthus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a cyclical change?

    <p>Seasonal changes in weather.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about human-induced changes is correct?

    <p>They can have rapid and profound effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Malthusianism' refer to?

    <p>The prediction that population growth will exceed food supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which centuries did key figures like Darwin, Huxley, and Muir influence environmental science?

    <p>19th and early 20th centuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do sustainable development practices aim to achieve?

    <p>To mitigate negative environmental impacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of an Environmental Educator?

    <p>Promoting awareness and educating the public</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is change characterized in the information provided?

    <p>Change can be cyclical, linear, or random.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is emphasized in environmental science as it emerged as a distinct field?

    <p>A comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does excessive extraction of non-renewable resources have?

    <p>It poses significant risks to sustainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of kinship with nature imply?

    <p>Reflecting a responsibility to protect nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence predicted by Malthus regarding population growth?

    <p>Widespread starvation due to limited food supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does environmental science aim to understand as a distinct field?

    <p>The relationship between environment and human influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a species according to the given information?

    <p>They are genetically alike and can interbreed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an ecosystem is responsible for producing energy?

    <p>Autotrophic Component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'abiotic factors' refer to in an ecosystem?

    <p>Nonliving elements that affect the ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a key climatic condition for ecosystems?

    <p>Soil pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of ecology?

    <p>The interactions and energy flows between organisms and their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the nature of relationships in ecosystems?

    <p>They are complex and non-linear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is considered part of the 'Other Physical Factors' that shape ecosystems?

    <p>Fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the root 'oikos' in ecology signify?

    <p>Homes or households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes primary succession?

    <p>It begins in barren environments without soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms are known as pioneer species during primary succession?

    <p>Mosses and lichens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does secondary succession differ from primary succession?

    <p>It develops from the biological legacy of a previous community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key factor that supports higher productivity in ecosystems?

    <p>Availability of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What usually allows for quicker recovery in areas undergoing secondary succession?

    <p>Presence of soil, seeds, and plant roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is essential for ecosystem stability?

    <p>Integration of diverse species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do pioneer species play in primary succession?

    <p>They modify the environment to support other species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of primary succession?

    <p>Involves quick recovery due to existing soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Environmental Science History

    • Environmental science emerged as a distinct field in the mid-1800s
    • Early focus was on discovering new species and understanding natural processes to improve human life, like identifying new food sources or valuable materials
    • Late 19th and early 20th centuries saw key figures like Charles Darwin, Thomas Huxley, and John Muir exploring the relationship between the environment and human activities

    Pioneering Scientists in Environmental Science

    • Thomas Robert Malthus (1887-1948): English Economist and demographer; author of "An Essay on the Principle of Population"; predicted exponential population growth would outpace linear food production leading to starvation; introduced "Malthusianism" – the idea that population growth always outpaces food supply, hindering human improvement without strict reproduction limits
    • Aldo Leopold (1887-1948): Father of wildlife conservation in the US; author of "A Sand County Almanac"; introduced the "land ethic" – viewing land as a community to which we belong, fostering love and respect for its use.
    • Rachel Carson (1907-1964): Mother of the environmental science movement; wrote "Silent Spring" (1962) highlighting the dangers of pesticides like DDT, exposing its risks in agriculture; faced attacks from pesticide companies and the chemical industry discrediting her work; DDT was banned due to her research.

    Key Events in Environmental History

    • 1962: "Silent Spring" published
    • 1990: Earth Day goes global, celebrated annually on April 22nd
    • 1992: UN Earth Summit, the largest gathering of world leaders at the time, aimed for environmentally responsible economic development
    • 1992: Biodiversity Treaty signed at the UN Earth Summit, promoting biodiversity conservation and equitable sharing of genetic resources.
    • 1997: Kyoto Protocol adopted, the first international treaty addressing global warming and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

    Our Finite Earth (Ang Mundo Ay May Mga Limitasyon)

    • Earth's resources are either renewable (water, air, plants) or non-renewable (fossil fuels, metals)
    • Pollution can make renewable resources inaccessible
    • Excessive extraction of non-renewable resources poses significant risks to sustainability
    • Population growth increases demand for resources, highlighting the importance of reducing consumption, using renewable energy and implementing pollution control

    Stewards of God's Creation (Ang Kalikasan Ay Maganda At Tayo Ang Tagapangasiwa)

    • Humans, created in God’s image, have the duty to care for creation, not abuse it.
    • This stewardship is rooted in various religious beliefs, emphasizing respect for all life.
    • Stewardship signifies guardianship over nature, acknowledging humans as part of the ecosystem.
    • Teachings across cultures advocate for a kinship with nature, reinforcing our responsibility to protect it.

    Everything Changes (Ang Lahat Ay Nagbabago)

    • Change is the only constant
    • It can be cyclical, linear or random
    • Human-induced changes like climate change can have profound and rapid effects on ecosystems.
    • Sustainable development practices are essential to mitigate and encourage positive environmental changes.

    Meanings and Components of Ecosystems

    • Ecosystem: Interacting living organisms (plants, animals, bacteria) and nonliving components (air, water, soil, weather).
    • Ecology: Study of earth's households (plants, animals, microorganisms, people) that live together as interdependent components.
    • Trophic Structure of an Ecosystem: Consists of producers (Autotrophic Component) and consumers (Heterotrophic Component).
    • Abiotic factors: Non-living components that shape the ecosystem; key examples include:
      • Temperature
      • Precipitation and humidity
      • Wind
      • Nutrients available
      • Substrate (soil)
      • Atmospheric gases
      • Currents
      • Sunlight
    • Other Physical Factors: Light, fire, pressure, geomagnetism.

    Primary Succession

    • Occurs in land bare of soil like a sandbar, rock surface, or volcanic flow.
    • Pioneer species (microbes, mosses, lichens) colonize and make the environment more hospitable for subsequent species.

    Secondary Succession

    • Happens after a disturbance where soil remains intact (fire, flood, human activity).
    • A new community develops from the biological legacy of the previous one.
    • Allows for faster recovery and establishment of new plant communities compared to primary succession.

    Resilience, Complexity, and Stability in Ecosystems

    • Stability is a key property that varies among ecosystems.
    • A stable ecosystem:
      • Can withstand harsh conditions and limited resources.
      • Often supports a larger and more diverse array of species (higher productivity).

    Importance of Understanding and Managing Ecosystems

    • Understanding the delicate balance within ecosystems is crucial for managing both natural and anthropogenic disturbances.
    • Key for maintaining ecosystem health and promoting sustainability.

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    Related Documents

    Environmental Science Introduction | Past Paper PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the origins and key figures in environmental science, which emerged in the mid-1800s. Dive into the contributions of important scientists like Malthus and Leopold, and understand how their ideas shaped modern environmental thought.

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