Environmental Science Chapter 9 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is environmental health?

The study of how environmental factors affect human health and quality of life.

What is a hazard?

Something that threatens or is harmful to human health.

What is a pathogen?

A disease-causing organism.

What is epidemiology?

<p>The study of disease in human populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is toxicology?

<p>The study of how poisons affect an organism's health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is toxicity?

<p>The degree to which a substance is harmful to an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dose' refer to in environmental health?

<p>The level of exposure to a pollutant or other hazardous substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a response in the context of environmental health hazards?

<p>The effect on an organism of exposure to a pollutant or other hazardous substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dose-response relationship?

<p>The effect on an organism at different levels of exposure to a pollutant or other hazardous substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is risk in environmental contexts?

<p>The probability that a hazard will cause a harmful response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is risk assessment?

<p>The process of measuring risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of environmental health hazards? (Select all that apply)

<p>Chemical hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epidemiology is the study of disease in human populations, while toxicology focuses on the benefits of substances.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals respond equally to environmental hazards regardless of personal factors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Environmental Health

  • Focuses on how environmental factors impact human health and overall quality of life.

Hazards

  • Defined as anything that poses a threat or harm to human health.
  • Types include biological, chemical, physical, and social hazards.

Pathogens

  • Organisms that cause disease, including viruses and bacteria.

Epidemiology

  • A field of study that investigates the patterns, causes, and effects of diseases within human populations.

Toxicology

  • The study of the effects of poisons and hazardous substances on organisms.

Toxicity

  • Refers to the harmful effects a substance can have on health, varying in degree.

Dose

  • The specific amount of exposure to a hazardous substance, influencing health outcomes.

Response

  • The health effect experienced by an organism after exposure to a pollutant or hazardous substance.

Dose-Response Relationship

  • The correlation between different exposure levels and their effects on an organism's health.

Risk

  • The likelihood that a hazard will result in harmful health effects.

Risk Assessment

  • Involves evaluating the probability of harm from exposure to environmental hazards.

Types of Environmental Health Hazards

  • Biological Hazards: Include viruses and bacteria that can lead to illness.
  • Chemical Hazards: Consist of harmful substances, whether synthetic or natural.
  • Physical Hazards: Natural disasters like earthquakes, fires, and droughts that threaten health.
  • Social Hazards: Arise from lifestyle choices or socio-economic factors, such as smoking.

Individual Response Variability

  • Factors such as age, sex, weight, health conditions, and genetics affect how individuals react to environmental hazards, explaining why some may become ill while others do not.

Understanding Hazards

  • Epidemiology and toxicology work together to elucidate how environmental factors influence health, including the extent and nature of exposure effects.

Main Ideas Structure

  • Types of Hazards:
    • Chemical, Physical, Social, Biological
  • Epidemiology vs. Toxicology:
    • Study of disease in populations vs. study of poisonous substances' effects on health.
  • Risk Assessment:
    • Evaluates the likelihood of harm from environmental hazards.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Chapter 9 of Environmental Science. Learn important concepts related to environmental health, hazards, pathogens, and epidemiology. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this essential topic.

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