Environmental Science Chapter 3
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of the reaction of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides with moisture in the atmosphere?

  • Ozone depletion
  • Soil erosion
  • Nutrient enrichment
  • Acid deposition (correct)

    • Which acid is formed from sulfur trioxide and water?

  • Carbonic acid
  • Sulfuric acid (correct)
  • Nitric acid
  • Hydrochloric acid

    • What is a key concept that describes the increase of pollutant concentrations in biological systems?

  • Dissipation
  • Deposition
  • Recycling
  • Bioaccumulation (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT an effect of acid deposition?

    <p>Increased nutrient availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process refers to the increase of pollutant concentrations as they move up the food chain?

    <p>Biomagnification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern associated with the release of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere?

    <p>Acid rain production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactions produces nitrogen dioxide?

    <p>NO + O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding the nature of waste in pollution management?

    <p>It helps in waste disposal methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of multimedia analysis in waste management?

    <p>To prevent shifting contaminants from one medium to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many essential processes are identified in the concept of planetary boundaries?

    <p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of the fate and transport (FT) approach in environmental management?

    <p>It supports a total systems approach including ESG accounting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects does not describe the impact of pollution on environmental quality?

    <p>Improvement in air quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is utilized to quantify the economic and social costs of pollution?

    <p>Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a domestic use of water?

    <p>Transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the purposes of the Clean Air Act of 1999?

    <p>Improving emission standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following focuses primarily on municipal water supply?

    <p>Power generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of impact does pollution have on environmental quality?

    <p>It can degrade air and water quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is associated with water use in industries?

    <p>Manufacturing processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the uses of water in irrigation?

    <p>To enable crop growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sectors does NOT rely on water for operational purposes?

    <p>Information technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the parameter limits specified in DAO 2021-19?

    <p>They set quality standards for surface water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Water Resources Management Office established by Executive Order No. 22?

    <p>To manage and improve water resource quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant legislation was enacted as part of the Clean Water Act of 2004?

    <p>Creating the National Sewerage and Septage Management Program (NSSMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document contains the Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016?

    <p>DAO 2016-08</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of substances do the industrial effluent standards specifically monitor according to DAO 1990-35?

    <p>Toxic and other deleterious substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main criteria used for classifying Philippine waters according to beneficial use?

    <p>Surface water quality criteria for pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of the Industrial Effluent Standards?

    <p>Modification of industrial waste processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Water Quality Management Areas (WQMA)?

    <p>To establish specific focus for water quality management efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under the Clean Water Act, what penalties are associated with non-compliance?

    <p>Wastewater charge systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DAO document was updated in 2021 to provide new Water Quality Guidelines?

    <p>DAO 2021-19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT addressed by the Quality Standards for Surface Water under R.A. 9275?

    <p>Regulation of industrial production processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a pollutant that contributes to aesthetic and oxygen demand in fresh waters?

    <p>Color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of water quality criteria has the lowest dissolved oxygen requirement?

    <p>Class D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowable concentration of cadmium in Class D waters?

    <p>0.05 mg/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter has the same limit across all classes for pH levels?

    <p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the allowable limit for fecal coliforms in Class C waters?

    <p>1000 MPN/100 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of water has the most stringent mercury concentration standard?

    <p>Class AA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant health effect concern regarding environmental impacts?

    <p>Health effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a toxic substance listed for Class AA waters?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of environmental quality, which parameter has a zero limit in Class AA?

    <p>Surfactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit used for measuring pollutants that contribute to aesthetics in water quality criteria?

    <p>PCU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For Class A waters, what is the limit for nitrates as N2?

    <p>10 mg/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parameters does not have a specified limit in Class D?

    <p>Phenols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which water quality class requires a lower limit for total suspended solids?

    <p>Class D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the water quality limit for oil/grease in Class B waters?

    <p>1 mg/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pollution Sources and Reactions

    • Reaction of nitrogen oxides (NO) and reactive organic compounds (ROx) produces nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and other products, indicating the complexity of air pollution.
    • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are carbon-based chemicals that contribute to air pollution and are produced by various sources.

    Acid Deposition

    • Acid deposition results from the interaction of sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) with atmospheric moisture.
    • Key reactions involve sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides forming sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3).
    • This process decreases pH levels in soil and aquatic environments, leading to harmful ecological consequences.

    Toxic Effects of Pollutants

    • Pollutants have toxic effects on living systems, raising health and social concerns.
    • Important toxicity factors include the concentration of pollutants and the biological accumulation in organisms (bioaccumulation and biomagnification).
    • Bioaccumulation refers to the build-up of pollutants in an organism over time, while biomagnification indicates the increased concentration of pollutants higher up in the food chain.

    Fate and Transport of Pollutants

    • Understanding the nature of waste is crucial for effective waste management strategies.
    • Multimedia analysis helps prevent the mere shifting of contaminants between environmental media.

    Regulatory Framework

    • Establishment of the Water Resources Management Office formalized under Executive Order No. 22 on April 27, 2023, highlights the commitment to manage water resources effectively.
    • The Clean Water Act of 2004 (R.A. 9275) implements comprehensive programs to improve water quality management and abate pollution from land-based sources.

    Water Quality Standards

    • Guidelines for surface water quality are defined in DAO 2016-08, focusing on various pollutants' impact on aesthetics, oxygen demand, and toxicity.
    • Water Quality Management Areas (WQMAs) are designated to manage water quality effectively.
    • Parameters for water quality criteria include dissolved oxygen, BOD5, color, temperature, and specific toxic substances like heavy metals.

    Beneficial Uses of Water

    • Water is classified based on beneficial uses, including domestic use, fisheries, irrigation, and recreation, highlighting the need for water quality standards tailored to these applications.
    • Compliance with water quality standards is essential for public health and environmental conservation.

    Air Quality Standards

    • The Clean Air Act of 1999 (R.A. 8749) establishes a comprehensive program for air quality management, emphasizing emission standards and pollution control mechanisms for various industries.
    • Stringent air pollution control measures are necessary for protecting both human health and environmental integrity.

    Summary of Key Concepts

    • Waste generation and sources, pollutant fate and transport, and environmental quality standards are critical components of environmental management.
    • Understanding environmental impacts, such as toxic effects and legislative measures, is essential for effective pollution control strategies.

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    This quiz focuses on the mechanisms of pollutant fate and transport within environmental science, specifically as discussed in Chapter 3. Engage in testing your knowledge about various pollution sources and their impacts on environmental quality. Prepare to explore the complex interactions affecting our ecosystem.

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