Environmental Science Chapter 12
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Questions and Answers

What is primarily caused by smoke from factories and vehicles?

  • Water pollution
  • Land pollution
  • Noise pollution
  • Air pollution (correct)

    • Which of the following activities would likely reduce air pollution?

  • Burning coal for energy
  • Increasing factory production
  • Cutting down more trees
  • Using public transport instead of cars (correct)

    • Which type of pollution is characterized by the addition of pollutants into water bodies?

  • Air pollution
  • Water pollution (correct)
  • Noise pollution
  • Land pollution

    • What is one major effect of pollution on human health?

    <p>Increased risk of respiratory diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a benefit of maintaining biodiversity?

    <p>Increase in land degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main purposes of World Environment Day?

    <p>To raise global awareness about environmental issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions could help prevent water pollution?

    <p>Using biodegradable products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible effect of air pollution?

    <p>Acid rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method to help reduce waste generation?

    <p>Using steel plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can biodegradable waste benefit the environment?

    <p>It can be composted to enrich soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 4R's mantra emphasize?

    <p>Reuse, refuse, recycle, and reduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of water pollution?

    <p>Soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices can help promote environmental awareness?

    <p>Shopping with cloth or jute bags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of environmental pollution on health?

    <p>Increased risk of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to recycle household items?

    <p>Giving newspapers to a recycler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the impact of global warming?

    <p>Increased flooding and extreme weather events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is referred to when pollutants are added to the soil?

    <p>Land pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a major cause of land pollution?

    <p>Improper disposal of plastic waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What harmful effect can pesticides have when used in agriculture?

    <p>Contaminate the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these actions can help prevent land pollution?

    <p>Using biodegradable materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does industrial waste contribute to pollution?

    <p>By contaminating the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is celebrated on 22nd April to promote environmental awareness?

    <p>Earth Day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which issue does loud music and sound pollution primarily affect?

    <p>Human health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor contributing to pollution in urban areas?

    <p>Increase in population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following impacts biodiversity negatively?

    <p>Using chemicals like pesticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Burning wood and waste materials, as well as firecrackers, are causes of ______.

    <p>air pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deforestation leads to a lesser number of trees, resulting in a decrease in ______ available for living organisms.

    <p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Noise pollution is characterized by loud and unpleasant ______.

    <p>sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mixing of industrial waste into rivers is a major cause of ______.

    <p>water pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dumping of domestic waste into water bodies is one of the major causes of ______.

    <p>water pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Substances added to soil to increase its fertility are called ______.

    <p>fertilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The addition of pollutants in the soil is referred to as ______ pollution.

    <p>land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spraying ______ on crops introduces harmful chemicals into the soil.

    <p>pesticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The waste we throw on the land is of two types— biodegradable and ______ waste.

    <p>non-biodegradable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Improper disposal of household waste, like littering of polythene bags, causes ______ pollution.

    <p>land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dumping industrial waste onto the land contributes significantly to ______ pollution.

    <p>land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biodegradable waste decomposes and mixes with the ______.

    <p>soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Examples of biodegradable waste include peels of fruits and ______.

    <p>vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Loud sound from motor vehicles, aeroplanes, and factories is referred to as ______ pollution.

    <p>sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plastic, metal, glass, rubber, and polythene bags are examples of ______ waste.

    <p>non-biodegradable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Improperly maintained ______ also adds to existing land pollution.

    <p>landfills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plant trees as they give out oxygen and help to purify the ______.

    <p>air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Air pollution causes breathing ______.

    <p>problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Harmful gases from factories mix with water drops in ______ to form acid rain.

    <p>clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drinking polluted water can cause dangerous diseases such as ______.

    <p>typhoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polluted water harms the ______ life and kills fish and other water animals.

    <p>aquatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Burning of fuels releases carbon ______ gas.

    <p>dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deforestation damages the soil and leads to soil ______.

    <p>erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Loud sound from vehicles and factories can cause hearing ______.

    <p>problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Educating people about the ill-effects of ______ is crucial for environmental protection.

    <p>pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tall chimneys should be fitted with ______ in factories to control emissions.

    <p>filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vanmahotsav is celebrated in the month of ______ for environmental awareness.

    <p>July</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of waste discussed?

    <p>Biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give one example of biodegradable waste.

    <p>Peels of fruits and vegetables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant characteristic of non-biodegradable waste?

    <p>It never decomposes and remains in the soil for a very long time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can planting trees contribute to the environment?

    <p>Trees produce oxygen and help purify the air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method suggested for the disposal of waste?

    <p>Recycling the waste material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fertilizers, and how do they contribute to land pollution?

    <p>Fertilizers are substances added to soil to increase fertility, but their usage can introduce harmful chemicals into the soil, causing soil pollution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the impact of loud noise from vehicles and factories on the environment.

    <p>Loud noise from vehicles and factories contributes to noise pollution, which can have adverse effects on human health and disrupt wildlife.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does improper disposal of household waste affect land pollution?

    <p>Improper disposal of household waste, such as littering and illegal dumping, introduces non-biodegradable materials that contaminate the land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does industrial waste play in land pollution?

    <p>Industrial waste contributes significantly to land pollution when dumped improperly, adding toxic substances that can degrade soil quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify two major causes of land pollution.

    <p>Two major causes of land pollution are the use of pesticides and the improper disposal of industrial waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does deforestation have on carbon dioxide levels in the environment?

    <p>Deforestation leads to an increase in carbon dioxide levels due to a reduction in the number of trees that absorb CO2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does industrial waste contribute to water pollution?

    <p>Industrial waste contaminates water bodies by introducing harmful substances, making the water unsafe for both human and aquatic life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two main causes of air pollution mentioned in the content?

    <p>The burning of wood and waste materials along with emissions from vehicles and factories are two main causes of air pollution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of waste are primarily responsible for land pollution?

    <p>Biodegradable waste and non-biodegradable waste are the two types primarily responsible for land pollution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one health risk associated with drinking polluted water?

    <p>Drinking polluted water can cause dangerous diseases such as cholera and dysentery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of pollution with their causes:

    <p>Air Pollution = Burning of wood and waste materials Water Pollution = Dumping of domestic waste into water bodies Noise Pollution = Noise from the bursting of crackers Soil Pollution = Mixing of industrial waste into rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following environmental impacts with their effects:

    <p>Deforestation = Decrease in oxygen levels Water Pollution = Harm to aquatic life Air Pollution = Breathing difficulties Noise Pollution = Hearing impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sources of pollution with their pollution type:

    <p>Industrial waste = Water Pollution Fertilizer runoff = Water Pollution Smoke from vehicles = Air Pollution Loud music = Noise Pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pollutants with their definitions:

    <p>Carbon Dioxide = A greenhouse gas contributing to air pollution Fertilizers = Substances added to increase soil fertility Domestic waste = Household rubbish contributing to water pollution Detergents = Chemicals adding to water pollution during washing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of waste with their characteristics:

    <p>Biodegradable waste = Decomposes over time Non-biodegradable waste = Does not break down easily Solid waste = Physical objects discarded by humans Liquid waste = Waste in a flowing state, often from industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Burning wood and firecrackers contribute to air pollution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deforestation increases the availability of oxygen in the environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water pollution is primarily caused by mixing industrial waste into rivers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Noise pollution is characterized by loud and pleasant sounds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drinking clean water can cause dangerous diseases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Air pollution does not cause breathing problems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acid rain is formed when harmful gases from factories mix with water drops in clouds.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polluted water is safe for drinking and does not cause any diseases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of filters in factory chimneys can help reduce air pollution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deforestation can lead to increased soil fertility.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Land pollution is caused by the addition of pollutants in the soil.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fertilizers, when sprayed on crops, can introduce harmful chemicals into the soil.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Loud music has no impact on land pollution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spraying pesticides is a method to increase soil fertility.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Improper disposal of household waste contributes to land pollution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Environment Overview

    • Environment consists of living (plants, animals, microorganisms) and non-living (air, water, soil, temperature) components.
    • Pollution occurs when harmful substances, known as pollutants, contaminate air, water, and land, affecting both humans and other organisms.

    Types of Pollution

    • Air Pollution: Caused by pollutants released from factories and vehicles, including harmful gases like carbon dioxide. Natural events like volcanic eruptions and forest fires also contribute.
    • Water Pollution: Contaminated through industrial waste, harmful chemicals, and untreated sewage, affecting aquatic life.
    • Land Pollution: Results from improper waste disposal, use of pesticides, and excessive fertilizers which degrade soil quality and fertility.
    • Noise Pollution: Created by loud sounds from vehicles, factories, and other sources leading to health issues.

    Importance of Environment

    • Provides essential resources such as food, water, air, shelter, and raw materials for daily living.
    • Vital for the sustainability of all life forms on Earth.

    Environmental Awareness and Celebrations

    • World Environment Day: Celebrated on June 5th to promote environmental protection.
    • Vanmahotsav: A week-long tree planting festival in July/August in India, emphasizing the importance of trees.

    Reducing Environmental Impact

    • Follow the 4R's: Reduce waste, Reuse items, Recycle materials, and Refuse plastic bags.
    • Composting biodegradable waste enriches soil health and reduces landfill contribution.

    Pollution Effects

    • Breathing difficulties and respiratory diseases stem from air pollution.
    • Acid rain damages flora and structures; it forms when pollutants mix with water droplets in clouds.
    • Polluted water leads to diseases such as typhoid, diarrhea, and dysentery; it also harms aquatic biodiversity.

    Prevention of Pollution

    • Implement filters on factory chimneys to minimize harmful emissions.
    • Use lead-free petrol or CNG in vehicles to reduce air pollutants.
    • Proper disposal and treatment of hazardous waste before it contaminates natural resources.
    • Maintain hygiene around water bodies to prevent disease spread.

    Educational Initiatives

    • Awareness programs are crucial to educate communities about the consequences of pollution and methods for prevention.

    Environmental Pollution Overview

    • Environmental pollution is any undesirable change in the environment caused by human activities.
    • Four main types of pollution exist: air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, and noise pollution.

    Air Pollution

    • Causes include smoke from factories, vehicles, burning wood, and waste materials.
    • Deforestation reduces trees, leading to less oxygen and increased carbon dioxide, a significant air pollutant.
    • Acid rain results from harmful gases combining with water drops in clouds, damaging plants and structures.
    • Key pollutants from vehicles and factories contribute to health issues like breathing problems and global warming.

    Water Pollution

    • Defined as the addition of harmful substances to water bodies.
    • Main causes include:
      • Industrial runoff and dumping of poisonous waste into rivers and lakes.
      • Domestic waste contamination due to washing clothes and bathing in contaminated water.
      • Fertilizer and pesticide runoff from agricultural fields, introducing toxins into rivers.
    • Polluted water can lead to severe diseases like typhoid, diarrhea, and dysentery.

    Land Pollution

    • Characterized by the addition of pollutants to soil, also known as land pollution.
    • Common causes include:
      • Improper disposal of household waste, including plastic and polythene bags.
      • Spraying of pesticides and fertilizers on crops, which introduces harmful chemicals into the soil.
      • Industrial waste dumping and poorly managed landfills contribute to soil contamination.
    • Pollution can make the soil less fertile, leading to soil erosion issues.

    Noise Pollution

    • Loud and unpleasant sounds are classified as noise pollution.
    • Major sources include:
      • Loud music from various media devices.
      • Noise from vehicles, factories, and fireworks.
    • Noise pollution may cause health problems like hypertension, sleep disorders, and hearing issues.

    Prevention of Pollution

    • Reducing environmental pollution requires long-term collective effort.
    • Key preventive measures:
      • Planting trees to enhance oxygen levels and air quality.
      • Relocating industries away from populated areas to minimize emissions.
      • Conducting regular pollution checks on vehicles and factories.
      • Properly treating factory waste before disposal to mitigate environmental impact.

    Importance of Environmental Care

    • Healthy ecosystems are crucial for providing essentials like air, water, and food.
    • Pollution adversely affects not only humans but also wildlife and plant life.
    • Awareness and education about pollution's effects are vital for fostering environmental responsibility.

    Environmental Pollution

    • Pollution is an undesirable change in the environment caused by human activities.
    • Major pollutants include smoke, harmful gases, and chemicals released into air, water, and soil.

    Air Pollution

    • Diesel emissions from vehicles and industries release poisonous gases.
    • Burning wood, waste materials, and firecrackers contribute to air pollution.
    • Deforestation reduces the number of trees, leading to decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide.
    • Natural sources of air pollution include volcanic eruptions and forest fires.

    Water Pollution

    • Involves the addition of pollutants into water bodies, such as rivers and lakes.
    • Major causes include industrial waste, domestic waste, and agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers.
    • Washing clothes and bathing in rivers introduce soap and detergents, exacerbating water pollution.

    Noise Pollution

    • Defined as loud and unpleasant sounds from various sources, including blasting firecrackers, loud music, and machinery.
    • Significant contributors are vehicles, aeroplanes, and factories.
    • Noise pollution can lead to discomfort and health issues.

    Land Pollution

    • Occurs due to the addition of pollutants to the soil.
    • Causes include the dumping of industrial and domestic waste, improper disposal, and the use of chemicals in agriculture (fertilizers, pesticides).
    • Non-biodegradable waste, such as plastic and metal, remains in the environment for a long time and contributes to land pollution.

    Types of Waste

    • Biodegradable waste decomposes and can enrich the soil, such as fruit peels and plant matter.
    • Non-biodegradable waste does not decompose easily and includes plastics and metals, which can pollute for years.

    Waste Disposal Methods

    • Segregation of waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories is crucial.
    • Composting biodegradable waste can create nutrient-rich soil.

    Environmental Conservation

    • Efforts to save the environment include the 4R mantra: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Refuse.
    • Reducing waste involves using durable items instead of disposables.
    • Reusing items creatively can decrease overall waste production.
    • Recycling can turn waste materials into new products, thus conserving resources.
    • Refusing to use plastic bags encourages the use of sustainable alternatives, such as cloth bags.

    Importance of Environment

    • The environment provides essential resources, including food, air, and water, necessary for survival.
    • Human activities have significantly impacted the environment, leading to pollution and depletion of resources.
    • World Environment Day is celebrated on June 5 to raise awareness about environmental issues.

    Prevention of Pollution

    • Individual efforts and community initiatives play critical roles in pollution prevention and environmental preservation.
    • Regular pollution checks in industries and vehicles can help mitigate air and land pollution.
    • Planting trees contributes positively by improving air quality and providing oxygen.

    Environmental Pollution

    • Pollution refers to undesirable changes in the environment caused by human activity.
    • Major pollutants include smoke from vehicles, factories, and burning materials, which release harmful gases.
    • Deforestation results in fewer trees, reducing oxygen levels and increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

    Water Pollution

    • Water pollution is the addition of pollutants into water bodies.
    • Sources of water pollution include industrial waste, domestic waste, and agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides.
    • Washing clothes and bathing in rivers can also contribute to water pollution due to soap and detergent residues.

    Noise Pollution

    • Noise pollution is defined as loud, unpleasant sounds that disrupt the environment.
    • Major sources include noise from bursting firecrackers, loud music, motor vehicles, and industrial activities.
    • Excessive noise can cause health issues like hypertension, hearing problems, and sleep disorders.

    Land Pollution

    • Land pollution involves the addition of harmful substances to the soil.
    • Common causes include improper disposal of household waste, industrial waste dumping, and the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides.
    • Poorly maintained landfills exacerbate land pollution issues.

    Effects of Pollution

    • Air pollution can cause respiratory problems and contribute to acid rain, damaging vegetation and buildings.
    • Polluted water can lead to diseases such as typhoid, diarrhea, and dysentery.
    • Pollution impacts aquatic life, causing harm to fish and other organisms.

    Prevention of Pollution

    • Efforts to control pollution must be sustained and involve individual contributions.
    • Planting trees can enhance oxygen levels and improve air quality.
    • Industries should be positioned away from urban areas, and regular vehicle checks can help reduce emissions.

    Waste Management

    • Waste is categorized into biodegradable (substances that decompose) and non-biodegradable (substances that do not decompose).
    • Biodegradable waste includes fruit and vegetable peels; non-biodegradable waste includes plastics and metals.
    • Effective waste management methods include waste segregation, composting, and recycling.

    Save Environment Initiatives

    • The 4R's mantra: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Refuse emphasizes minimizing waste.
    • Reducing waste generation involves opting for reusable items over disposables.
    • Recycling can transform waste materials into new products, contributing to environmental sustainability.
    • Vanmahotsav, celebrated in July, highlights the importance of planting trees for a healthier environment.

    Environmental Pollution Overview

    • Environmental pollution is any undesirable change in the environment caused by human activities.
    • Four main types of pollution exist: air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, and noise pollution.

    Air Pollution

    • Causes include smoke from factories, vehicles, burning wood, and waste materials.
    • Deforestation reduces trees, leading to less oxygen and increased carbon dioxide, a significant air pollutant.
    • Acid rain results from harmful gases combining with water drops in clouds, damaging plants and structures.
    • Key pollutants from vehicles and factories contribute to health issues like breathing problems and global warming.

    Water Pollution

    • Defined as the addition of harmful substances to water bodies.
    • Main causes include:
      • Industrial runoff and dumping of poisonous waste into rivers and lakes.
      • Domestic waste contamination due to washing clothes and bathing in contaminated water.
      • Fertilizer and pesticide runoff from agricultural fields, introducing toxins into rivers.
    • Polluted water can lead to severe diseases like typhoid, diarrhea, and dysentery.

    Land Pollution

    • Characterized by the addition of pollutants to soil, also known as land pollution.
    • Common causes include:
      • Improper disposal of household waste, including plastic and polythene bags.
      • Spraying of pesticides and fertilizers on crops, which introduces harmful chemicals into the soil.
      • Industrial waste dumping and poorly managed landfills contribute to soil contamination.
    • Pollution can make the soil less fertile, leading to soil erosion issues.

    Noise Pollution

    • Loud and unpleasant sounds are classified as noise pollution.
    • Major sources include:
      • Loud music from various media devices.
      • Noise from vehicles, factories, and fireworks.
    • Noise pollution may cause health problems like hypertension, sleep disorders, and hearing issues.

    Prevention of Pollution

    • Reducing environmental pollution requires long-term collective effort.
    • Key preventive measures:
      • Planting trees to enhance oxygen levels and air quality.
      • Relocating industries away from populated areas to minimize emissions.
      • Conducting regular pollution checks on vehicles and factories.
      • Properly treating factory waste before disposal to mitigate environmental impact.

    Importance of Environmental Care

    • Healthy ecosystems are crucial for providing essentials like air, water, and food.
    • Pollution adversely affects not only humans but also wildlife and plant life.
    • Awareness and education about pollution's effects are vital for fostering environmental responsibility.

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    Test your knowledge on eco-friendly and non-friendly activities affecting our environment in Chapter 12. This quiz encourages awareness about actions that help or harm our planet. Connect your understanding of living and non-living components of the environment.

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