Environmental Microbiology Test 1
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Questions and Answers

What type of organisms are characterized by the lack of a cell wall?

  • Chytrids
  • Streptococci
  • Mycoplasmas (correct)
  • Euglenas

    • Which group is associated with movement in eukaryotes?

  • Peptidoglycan
  • Cilia (correct)
  • Prophage
  • Pili

    • Which statement about the bacteria growth cycle is true?

  • Streptococci are the only spherical bacteria.
  • Storing nutrients occurs during the log phase.
  • Bacteria reproduce during the death phase. (correct)
  • Nutrients can extend the lag phase.

    • Which of the following correctly describes amoebas?

    <p>They belong to the group sarcodina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fungi is characterized by a thin peptidoglycan layer?

    <p>Chytrids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pili in bacteria?

    <p>Adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the bacterial growth cycle do bacteria primarily store nutrients?

    <p>Lag phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a decomposer commonly found in soil?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure aids bacteria in attaching to surfaces?

    <p>Pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about antibiotics is true?

    <p>They are made from fungi in the phylum Ascomycota.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of gram-negative bacteria after the gram staining test?

    <p>Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is spontaneous generation commonly associated with?

    <p>Life from non-living materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fusion of the cytoplasm in the sexual life cycle of fungi called?

    <p>Plasmogamy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the relationship between fungi and the roots of leguminous plants?

    <p>Mycorrhizae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In microbiology, what is the study of Bacillus anthracis known as?

    <p>Bacteriology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines normal flora?

    <p>Microbes that do not normally harm the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is recognized as the Father of Microbiology for being the first to view microorganisms with a hand-held lens?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding characteristics of gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>They contain teichoic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots?

    <p>Mycorrhizae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fungal disease can be caused by organisms that have flagellated cells?

    <p>Chytrid infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is an example of bioremediation?

    <p>Pseudomonas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you observe a fungus with sac-like structures containing eight spores under a microscope, which classification does it belong to?

    <p>Ascomycete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a structural adaptation in bacteria that helps them survive in their environment?

    <p>Presence of a glycocalyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method used by bacteria for survival?

    <p>Fungal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of nonpoint-source pollution on dissolved oxygen levels in water?

    <p>It can decrease dissolved oxygen levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a microbiome?

    <p>A collection of microbes within a distinct habitat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pH range is preferred by most aquatic organisms?

    <p>7.5-9.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process helps probiotic bacteria reduce pathogenic bacteria in water?

    <p>Competitive exclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does overstocking affect shrimp growth?

    <p>It leads to retarded growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between nitrates and algae growth?

    <p>Nitrates decrease algae growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does turbidity measure in a water body?

    <p>The clarity of the water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a benthic habitat?

    <p>A transition zone between the water column and the mineral surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement is primarily observed in protists like Euglenas due to their flagella?

    <p>Flagellar movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a key difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?

    <p>Lysogenic cycle allows the viral genes to remain dormant while lytic cycle does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fungi benefit from their symbiotic relationship with plant roots?

    <p>By extracting minerals and nutrients beneficial to both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do spores produced by fungi serve as a defense mechanism?

    <p>They are somewhat toxic and harmful to predators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the lytic cycle regarding the host cell?

    <p>The host cell's machinery is hijacked and destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about water probiotics is true?

    <p>They incorporate bacteria strains for application in feed pellets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue can arise under intensive culture due to variations in salinity?

    <p>Disruption of homeostasis leading to stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is primarily characterized by having a red eye spot that aids in photosynthesis?

    <p>Euglena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Environmental Microbiology Test 1

    • Section 1: Matching (15 points)
      • Column A contains words/terms related to microbiology
      • Column B offers possible matching answers
      • Match the appropriate letter from Column B to the corresponding term in Column A. (Example: 1. no cell wall = A)
    • Matching terms included: cell wall, movement in eukaryotes, cell identification, amoebas, pseudopeptidoglycan, chytrids, prophage, Ascomycota, thin periplasmic space, basidiomycota, zygomycetes, cell destruction, thin peptidoglycan, euglenas, conjugation , gram positive, pilli, mastigophora, cilia, gram negative, Pilobolus, glycoproteins, lysogenic, mycoplasmas, sarcodina, water molds, rust and smuts, archaea
    • Section 2: True/False (10 points)
      • Statements about bacteria and their growth cycle
      • Determine whether each statement is true or false.
        • Example: Spherical bacteria arranged in chains are all streptococci. (True)
    • Topics/statements included: Spherical bacteria, bacteria growth cycle (death phase, Log Phase, lag phase), plasmodial slime molds, sporozoan example (malaria), Edward Jenner, antibiotics, pilli, bacteria soil formation, Natural Attenuation,
    • Section 3: Fill-in-the-Blanks (14 points)
      • Complete sentences with missing words related to microbiology
      • Fill in the missing words related to bacterial morphology. Example: Two spherical shape bacteria join together is called a diplococci.
    • Topics/statements included: shape and structure of bacteria, bacterial morphology

    Microbiology Concepts

    • Peptidoglycan:

      • Made up of NAG and NAM disaccharides

    • Endogenous Metabolism:

      • Process of bacteria feeding on dead bacteria (example)

    • Chytrids:

      • Two major types

    • Plasmogamy and Karyogamy:

      • Fusion of cytoplasm and nuclei during fungal sexual life cycle

    • Ascomycota:

      • Phylum of fungi that includes antibiotics production

    • Mycorrhizae:

      • Symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots

    • Bacillus Anthracis:

      • Studied in the field of microbiology called bacteriology

    • Bacteria Colour:

      • Gram-negative bacteria are pink after gram staining, gram-positive are purple

    • Normal Flora:

      • Bacteria living in the body that usually do not cause harm,

    • Spontaneous Generation:

      • Incorrect theory suggesting life can arise from nonliving matter

    • Louis Pasteur:

      • Developed pasteurization and studied microorganisms.
      • Developed postulates explaining germ theory/disease.

    • Joseph Lister:

      • Developed antiseptic surgery techniques.

    • Bioremediation:

      • Process of using organisms (often bacteria) to clean up pollutants

    • Gram-positive bacteria:

      • Characteristics, including thick peptidoglycan layer

    • Mycorrhizae:

      • Association of fungi with plant roots

    • Fungal Pathogen (frog):

      • Identifies a specific type of fungal pathogen identified in a frog

    • Fungi Identification:

      • Microscopic examination of the reproductive structures/spores for identification

    • Bacteria adaptation:

      • Structurally adapted to survive (example: cell walls, flagella)

    • Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle:

      • Description and differences in viral replication cycles

    • Microbial Loop:

      • Trophic pathway in aquatic environments reintroducing dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

    • Microbial Flocs:

      • Reduces early mortality syndrome (EMS) potentially

    • Probiotic Effectiveness:

      • Effect on disease in waters, existing disease duration, and incorporation methods

    • Shrimp Culture and Salinity:

      • Stress on shrimp under intensive culture due to salinity changes

    • Water Quality Indicators:

      • Mention of macro-invertebrates and algae

    • Benthic habitat:

      • Transition zone between water column and mineral surface

    • Microbial mats:

      • Compressed microbial groups in aquatic habitat

    • Biofilm:

      • Layer of organic matter and microorganisms on an object's surface

    • Dissolved Oxygen (DO)/Nitrate/Algae:

      • Correlation of high DO, nitrates, and algae growth. Also the negative impacts of high nitrate.

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    Environmental Microbiology Test 1 PDF - Carlos Beardall

    Description

    This quiz covers fundamental concepts in environmental microbiology, focusing on matching terms and true/false statements related to bacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms. Students will engage with topics such as cell structure, growth cycles, and classifications of different microorganisms. Test your knowledge and understanding of microbiological principles.

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