Environmental Microbiology Test 1

Environmental Microbiology Test 1

• Section 1: Matching (15 points)
  • Column A contains words/terms related to microbiology
  • Column B offers possible matching answers
  • Match the appropriate letter from Column B to the corresponding term in Column A. (Example: 1. no cell wall = A)
• Matching terms included: cell wall, movement in eukaryotes, cell identification, amoebas, pseudopeptidoglycan, chytrids, prophage, Ascomycota, thin periplasmic space, basidiomycota, zygomycetes, cell destruction, thin peptidoglycan, euglenas, conjugation , gram positive, pilli, mastigophora, cilia, gram negative, Pilobolus, glycoproteins, lysogenic, mycoplasmas, sarcodina, water molds, rust and smuts, archaea
• Section 2: True/False (10 points)
  • Statements about bacteria and their growth cycle
  • Determine whether each statement is true or false.
    • Example: Spherical bacteria arranged in chains are all streptococci. (True)
• Topics/statements included: Spherical bacteria, bacteria growth cycle (death phase, Log Phase, lag phase), plasmodial slime molds, sporozoan example (malaria), Edward Jenner, antibiotics, pilli, bacteria soil formation, Natural Attenuation,
• Section 3: Fill-in-the-Blanks (14 points)
  • Complete sentences with missing words related to microbiology
  • Fill in the missing words related to bacterial morphology. Example: Two spherical shape bacteria join together is called a diplococci.
• Topics/statements included: shape and structure of bacteria, bacterial morphology

Microbiology Concepts

• Peptidoglycan:

  • Made up of NAG and NAM disaccharides

• Endogenous Metabolism:

  • Process of bacteria feeding on dead bacteria (example)

• Chytrids:

  • Two major types

• Plasmogamy and Karyogamy:

  • Fusion of cytoplasm and nuclei during fungal sexual life cycle

• Ascomycota:

  • Phylum of fungi that includes antibiotics production

• Mycorrhizae:

  • Symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots

• Bacillus Anthracis:

  • Studied in the field of microbiology called bacteriology

• Bacteria Colour:

  • Gram-negative bacteria are pink after gram staining, gram-positive are purple

• Normal Flora:

  • Bacteria living in the body that usually do not cause harm,

• Spontaneous Generation:

  • Incorrect theory suggesting life can arise from nonliving matter

• Louis Pasteur:

  • Developed pasteurization and studied microorganisms.
  • Developed postulates explaining germ theory/disease.

• Joseph Lister:

  • Developed antiseptic surgery techniques.

• Bioremediation:

  • Process of using organisms (often bacteria) to clean up pollutants

• Gram-positive bacteria:

  • Characteristics, including thick peptidoglycan layer

• Mycorrhizae:

  • Association of fungi with plant roots

• Fungal Pathogen (frog):

  • Identifies a specific type of fungal pathogen identified in a frog

• Fungi Identification:

  • Microscopic examination of the reproductive structures/spores for identification

• Bacteria adaptation:

  • Structurally adapted to survive (example: cell walls, flagella)

• Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle:

  • Description and differences in viral replication cycles

• Microbial Loop:

  • Trophic pathway in aquatic environments reintroducing dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

• Microbial Flocs:

  • Reduces early mortality syndrome (EMS) potentially

• Probiotic Effectiveness:

  • Effect on disease in waters, existing disease duration, and incorporation methods

• Shrimp Culture and Salinity:

  • Stress on shrimp under intensive culture due to salinity changes

• Water Quality Indicators:

  • Mention of macro-invertebrates and algae

• Benthic habitat:

  • Transition zone between water column and mineral surface

• Microbial mats:

  • Compressed microbial groups in aquatic habitat

• Biofilm:

  • Layer of organic matter and microorganisms on an object's surface

• Dissolved Oxygen (DO)/Nitrate/Algae:

  • Correlation of high DO, nitrates, and algae growth. Also the negative impacts of high nitrate.