Environmental Management Systems Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum accumulation time for hazardous waste for a Small Quantity Generator without requiring a permit?

  • 360 days
  • 1800 days
  • 90 days
  • 180 days (correct)

    • Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, which of the following is a requirement for tracking hazardous waste?

  • Certification from an environmental agency
  • Use of electronic devices for shipment
  • Regular audits of waste management practices
  • Manifest providing details about the waste generator (correct)

    • What type of hazardous waste generator produces between 100 kg/mo and 1000 kg/mo?

  • Large Quantity Generator
  • Small Quantity Generator (correct)
  • Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator
  • Lesser Quantity Generator

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator?

    <p>Permitted accumulation of unlimited waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum accumulation limit for a Small Quantity Generator of hazardous waste?

    <p>6000 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regulatory framework is primarily concerned with shipping dangerous goods by air?

    <p>IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hazardous waste generator produces less than 1 kg/mo of P-listed waste?

    <p>Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the flow direction in stripping towers?

    <p>Air flows upwards while liquid waste flows downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of conducting an Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)?

    <p>It allows for environmentally sound redesign and product improvements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model types are included in vapor-cloud dispersion modeling?

    <p>Plume and puff models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ion exchange in environmental processes?

    <p>To achieve a reversible exchange of ions between liquid and solid phases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding electrostatic precipitators?

    <p>They can achieve an efficiency level of up to 99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which cyclones separate particulate matter from gas streams?

    <p>Centrifugal force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the main function of an electrostatic precipitator?

    <p>To charge particles electrostatically for removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of operation allows dry scrubbers to effectively remove harmful gases?

    <p>Use of dry reagents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What particle size does a cyclone achieve efficiencies of 90% in removing from gas streams?

    <p>10 microns or greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key operational principle of baghouses in removing contaminants?

    <p>Filtration through fabric materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cyclones make use of rotating gas streams to separate particles?

    <p>By making solids deposit at the outer edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cleaning method does a baghouse primarily utilize?

    <p>Physical filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of efficiency, which statement is true concerning cyclones?

    <p>They are less efficient for very fine particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental control technology primarily relies on introducing a charge to remove particles?

    <p>Electrostatic precipitators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activated charcoal is primarily classified as which of the following?

    <p>An adsorbent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category for the segregation of hazardous waste?

    <p>Brine solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the traits used to characterize hazardous waste?

    <p>Reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes involves the incorporation of a component into a liquid?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ground level ozone is formed as a result of chemical reactions between which of the following?

    <p>Oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is categorized under traits of characteristic hazardous waste?

    <p>Toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a scrubber, harmful gases are typically removed using what method?

    <p>Suitable liquid absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'ignitability' refer to in the context of hazardous waste?

    <p>The ability to ignite under specific conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be classified as general 'dry' lab chemicals?

    <p>Non-halogenated organic solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic hazardous waste trait?

    <p>Viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for rainfall having a pH generally less than 7?

    <p>Dissolved gases in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pH of groundwater compare to that of rainfall?

    <p>Groundwater pH is generally higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a measure of how easily water can move through an aquifer?

    <p>Hydraulic conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines the permeability of an aquifer?

    <p>Properties of the aquifer materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stabilization refer to in the context of hazardous waste management?

    <p>The process that reduces the solubility of hazardous constituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the function of Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR)?

    <p>They restrict the disposal of certain wastes under RCRA standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is hydraulic conductivity usually measured?

    <p>In field conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically used to incorporate waste into a solid matrix during stabilization processes?

    <p>Binding agents or polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range for groundwater in relation to rainfall?

    <p>Greater than 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of soil permeability?

    <p>The ability of soil to transmit water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Environmental Management Systems

    • Acceptable corrosion protection methods for underground storage tanks include adding interior linings, cathodic protection, or a combination of both.
    • Transformers, capacitors, and fluorescent light ballasts often contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
    • Environmental site assessments characterize physical properties and operations from an environmental perspective to understand site conditions.
    • Environmental audits verify expectations, policies, and regulations through interviews, record reviews, and observations.
    • Demonstrating ISO 14001 conformity involves self-determination, verification by interested parties such as customers, and external system certification.
    • Azides should never be disposed of down the drain because they can be explosive and form hazardous mixtures with other metals.
    • EVABAT is the Economic Viable Application of Best Available Technology to control environmental impacts without financial hardship for an organization.
    • Environmental spill response actions include planning, personal protective equipment (PPE), mitigation, and decontamination.
    • Soil columns are categorized by particle size with respect to pollution prevention.
    • LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is a systematic process for evaluating a product or service's environmental impacts throughout its lifecycle.
    • The waste management hierarchy prioritizes source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, energy recovery, and treatment/disposal.
    • Mislabeling of chemicals and hazardous waste is a commonly cited violation of environmental regulations.
    • Vapor cloud dispersion models, primarily plume and puff, are models that study the release of hazardous materials into the atmosphere.
    • Underground storage tanks commonly have issues of piping failure, corrosion, and overfilling/spills.
    • LEED certification is a rating system for buildings to ensure they meet high performance, contribute to environmental sustainability, and improve health standards in the work place.
    • The 6 environmental categories for LEED certification are: sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, and materials and resources.
    • Pollution prevention is primarily driven by business interests and meeting current and future needs.
    • Closed-loop recycling is a method where waste is conveyed through closed systems, then recycled, and then returned to the production system..
    • Disposal of waste can involve destruction or disposal in the ground.
    • Waste minimization refers to any activity decreasing waste or toxicity without treatment.
    • Waste reduction is any activity that decreases the amount of waste materials.
    • Waste stream is the continuing production of materials that are collected for disposal or recycling.
    • Environmental management guidelines typically involve interlinked components that involve flocculation, dewatering, neutralization, and disinfection.
    • Hazardous waste regulations apply if a waste meets criteria such as listed hazardous waste, mixtures of listed and non-hazardous waste, or declared hazardous by the waste generator and related to its corrosivity, toxicity, ignitability, and reactivity.
    • The most useful indicator for determining water treatment adequacy and integrity of the distribution system is total coliforms.
    • Greenhouse gas with the most impact is carbon dioxide.
    • Four main phases of system lifecycle development are concept, system development, production and deployment, sustainment and disposal.
    • Key organizations involved in marine environmental management and safety include IMO (International Maritime Organization), IMDGC (International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code), UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), IAIA (International Association for Impact Assessment), and IATA (International Air Transport Association).
    • Waste minimization can encompass a series of steps including waste generation reduction, reuse, recycling, and waste treatment.
    • RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) requires tracking and manifesting hazardous waste shipped off-site.
    • Specific categories of hazardous waste generators are classified by quantity; small quantity generators (SQG), conditionally exempt small quantity generators (CESQG), and large quantity generators (LQG).
    • CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act) governs the remediation of hazardous waste sites.
    • SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act) increases funding and citizen participation requirements for hazardous waste cleanup and prevention.
    • The TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) regulates the use of chemical substances concerning safety and environmental impact.
    • Recovery processes for waste oil, halogenated solvents, and nonhalogenated solvents include distillation, solvent extraction, carbon adsorption, and ultrafiltration.
    • Air pollutants include primary pollutants (e.g., carbon monoxide) and secondary pollutants (e.g., sulfuric acid).
    • Major sources of air pollution that harm human health include carbon monoxide, lead, sulfur dioxide, suspended particulate matter, ozone, and chromium.
    • Methods for removing air pollutants include scrubbers, wet scrubbers, dry scrubbers, cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, and bag houses.
    • Groundwater zones include the saturated zone and unsaturated zone.
    • Darcy's Law quantifies the movement of pollutants through underground water by factors of discharge, hydraulic conductivity, cross-sectional area, and head pressure loss.
    • A piezometer is used for measuring water table elevations.
    • Adsorption is a process where contaminants are removed from the air by a solid material such as activated charcoal.
    • Chemical categorization of hazardous waste can be helpful for segregation purposes into groups including mineral acids, oxidizers, caustics, flammables, non-halogenated solvents, halogenated solvents, organic acids, carcinogens, and mercury and similar chemicals.
    • Traits of characteristic hazardous waste include ignitability, reactivity, toxicity, and corrosivity.
    • Four major recovery processes for waste oil, halogenated solvents, and non-halogenated solvents often include distillation, solvent extraction, carbon adsorption, and ultrafiltration.
    • Environmental management tools, including LOPA (Layer of Protection Analysis), help to evaluate environmental impacts for the responsible design and redesign of products and processes.

    Environmental Management Quiz 1

    • The least acceptable method for corrosion control for underground storage tanks is coating.
    • Acceptable methods are interior lining, cathodic protection, combining both methods.
    • EPA's used oil standard contaminants are metals (like metal shavings), dust (like saw dust), chemicals (solvents, halogens, and saltwater).
    • Non-sparking tools are typically constructed of brass.
    • Title II of the Clean Air Act addresses mobile sources.
    • Title III of the Clean Air Act deals with toxic air emissions.
    • Title IV of the Clean Air Act addresses acid rain and its related pollution.
    • A small quantity generator (SQG) produces up to 1,000 kilograms of hazardous waste and less than 1,000 kilos per month.
    • A large quantity generator (LQG) produces more than 1,000 kilograms of hazardous waste and more than 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste.
    • In the context of hazardous waste, source reduction is any activity decreasing waste or toxicity without treatment.
    • Reportable quantities (RQs) refer to the amounts of hazardous materials needed for shipment documentation.
    • Total coliforms in water treatment show the adequacy and integrity of the distribution system.
    • Depleting oxygen in water sources can have negative impacts.
    • Key electrical devices such as transformers and capacitors are likely to contain PCBs.
    • The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is involved with hazardous waste transportation.
    • The party that is ultimately responsible for hazardous waste start to finish is the generator.
    • Hazardous material shipping placards are required and to be clearly visible and applied by the shipper.
    • Untreated solid waste that is separated and disposed of in a landfill has the lowest likelihood of hazardous waste regulations applying to it.
    • Waste minimization is a process of reducing waste prior to treatment.
    • A Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is an environmental management tool.
    • The least desirable method for hazardous waste disposal in the hierarchy of controls is landfill disposal.
    • Carbon dioxide has the greatest greenhouse effect among gases.
    • Phases of a system life cycle include concept, development, operation, and disposal.
    • International and national organizations involved in environmental management include IMO (International Maritime Organization), UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), IAIA (International Association for Impact Assessment), IATA (International Air Transport Association), RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act), CERCLA, and SARA.
    • Methods for oil, halogenated, and non-halogenated solvent recovery include distillation, carbon adsorption, and ultrafiltration.
    • Hazardous wastes such as electroplating wastes, heavy metals, acids, and other chemicals are frequently encountered.
    • The LDRs (Land Disposal Restrictions) for hazardous waste are often classified based on industry and chemical characteristics.
    • The three most prominent categories of vapor cloud dispersion models are plume, puff, and dispersion modeling.

    Additional Study Notes

    • Soil columns, for pollution prevention, is often categorized using particle size as a key element.
    • Three things to help plan and organize a hazardous waste operation are a comprehensive work plan, phases of operation, and a site-specific health and safety plan.
    • Training for hazardous waste operations should include safety plans, equipment use, hazard identification, emergency response plans, vehicle and transportation guidelines, safe sampling techniques, PPE use, care and limitations, and employee rights.
    • Medical surveillance for evaluating hazardous waste operations involves pre-employment screenings, medical evaluations, termination examinations, emergency/non-emergency treatments, record-keeping, and program review. Note: "Site characterization" includes identifying hazards, selecting worker protection methods, conducting offsite and onsite surveys, and ongoing monitoring of site safety and compliance with any and all applicable and pertinent laws and regulations.
    • Monitoring air during hazardous waste operations includes identification and quantification of contaminants, assessments of health effects of exposure, selection of PPE, and delineation of needing zones.
    • Implementing site control involves minimizing contamination, protecting the public from hazards, and preventing vandalism during the process.
    • Decontamination in hazardous waste operations involves removing or neutralizing contaminants from personnel or equipment.
    • The primary environmental categories of greatest concern for environmental sustainability include the financial aspects of environmental management, the social and cultural factors of environmental management, and the environmental factors or concerns.

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    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts of Environmental Management Systems (EMS), including corrosion protection methods for storage tanks, the risks associated with PCBs, and environmental site assessments. It also covers ISO 14001 conformity and the importance of environmental audits. Test your knowledge on these essential practices for effective environmental management.

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