Environmental Impact of Transportation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary direction of energy transformation in a spontaneous process?

  • In a random direction
  • From order to disorder (correct)
  • In a circular direction
  • From disorder to order

    • What is the mathematical representation of the internal energy change in an isolated system?

  • dU = dq + dw (correct)
  • dU = dq / dw
  • dU = dq - dw
  • dU = dq * dw

    • What is the characteristic of a non-spontaneous process?

  • It is a circular process
  • It requires work execution (correct)
  • It requires no work execution
  • It is a random process

    • What is the primary reason for the direction of spontaneous changes in an isolated system?

    <p>The aspect of reality that determines the direction of changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of energy consumption per person per kilometer for a bus?

    <p>0.30 KWh/person·km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a spontaneous process?

    <p>A hot object cooling down to ambient temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of the thermodynamic definition of entropy?

    <p>The change in energy that has undergone chaotic dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for calculating the entropy change between two states of a system?

    <p>ΔS = ∫ dqodw/T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the degree of disorder when work involves directed movement of atoms?

    <p>It does not change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the entropy change during transmission of the same amount of heat to a cold body greater than to a hot body?

    <p>Because the entropy change is greater when the energy is dispersed in a more disordered system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the expression dS = dqodw/T?

    <p>It relates the energy transferred as heat to the entropy change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular interpretation of entropy at high temperature?

    <p>Molecules are mostly disorderly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the practical usefulness of energetic matter?

    <p>Exergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for the conservation of exergy?

    <p>Ideal reversible processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between exergy and internal energy?

    <p>The reference state of exergy can be chosen freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exergy of a system when it is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its surroundings?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of entropy when heat is expressed in joules and temperature in kelvins?

    <p>Joule per kelvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the thermal movement of atoms or ions in an ideal crystal at temperature T = 0?

    <p>It undergoes extinguishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the exergy of a system change as it moves away from a state of balance with the environment?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molar entropy expressed in?

    <p>Joules per kelvin per mole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total exergy of a system divided into?

    <p>Several components, including potential, kinetic, physical, chemical, and others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the Nernst thermal theorem?

    <p>Entropy change tends to zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of molecules in a system with zero entropy?

    <p>Homogeneous and regular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the entropy change and the temperature at which a process takes place?

    <p>Entropy change is inversely proportional to temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical exergy of a closed system represented as?

    <p>U - Uot + (S - Sot)Tot - pot(V - Vot)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for considering physical and chemical energy when examining processes in energy devices?

    <p>Because they are the most relevant types of energy for most devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for the internal energy of a system in a given state?

    <p>U</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition required for the system to be in thermodynamic equilibrium with the environment?

    <p>Constant temperature and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for the entropy of a system in a given state?

    <p>S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exergy transferred with work represented as?

    <p>W</p> Signup and view all the answers

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