Environmental Health Overview

Questions and Answers

What was identified as the most important medical advance since 1840 in the BMJ Poll?

Antibiotics

Anaesthesia

Sanitation (correct)

Vaccinations

According to the WHO, what percentage of global deaths is attributed to environmental factors?

26%

50%

23% (correct)

15%

Which of the following is NOT a key component of WaSH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene)?

Nutrition education (correct)

Personal hygiene practices

Safe drinking water

Proper sewage disposal

What role does public health play in environmental planning?

It integrates health considerations into planning processes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a health effect of indoor air pollution?

Development of chronic respiratory diseases Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage of childhood pneumonia deaths in children under 5 years attributed to environmental factors in low-income countries?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is one method to reduce indoor air pollution?

Improving stove efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of climate change on health?

It can increase the incidence of vector-borne diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key priority for addressing household air pollution?

Achieve the Goal of SDG 7 Signup and view all the answers

Why is climate change considered the greatest global health threat of the 21st century?

It causes unprecedented environmental health hazards Signup and view all the answers

Which temperature increase threshold was stressed in the 2018 report related to global warming?

1.5 degrees C Signup and view all the answers

What does the Lancet Series of November 09 emphasize regarding climate and health?

What’s good for climate is good for health Signup and view all the answers

What is a major component of the Paris Agreement regarding global warming?

Agree to limit warming to 2 degrees C and aim for 1.5 degrees C Signup and view all the answers

What role do public health professionals play in addressing climate change according to the document?

To drive agenda for climate and health Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a health benefit related to climate action?

Industrial waste management Signup and view all the answers

What was the CO₂ concentration reported in January 2023?

412 ppm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is responsible for the greatest percentage of deaths attributable to environmental causes globally? a) Air pollution b) Unsafe water c) Unsafe sanitation d) Climate change

Air pollution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is most directly associated with poor sanitation?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

According to a 2007 poll by the British Medical Journal (BMJ), which medical advance was listed as the most important since 1840?

Sanitation Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the global burden of disease is attributable to modifiable environmental factors, according to WHO?

23% Signup and view all the answers

According to WHO's 2017 assessment, how many deaths per year are attributed to household air pollution?

4.3 million Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is most effective in reducing household air pollution in low-income settings?

Use of cleaner cookstoves Signup and view all the answers

Which Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is directly related to addressing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH)?

SDG 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Environmental Impact Assessment' (EIA) refers to:

Assessing the environmental consequences of a planned project Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is primarily linked to waterborne vectors?

Schistosomiasis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a modifiable environmental risk factor?

Genetic predisposition Signup and view all the answers

Which public health crisis was directly related to indoor air pollution in the 1950s?

The London Great Smog Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is least likely to contribute to indoor air pollution? a) Solid fuel stoves b) Secondhand tobacco smoke c) Cooking with gas d) High humidity levels

High humidity levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary health impact of high concentrations of radon gas in homes?

Lung cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pollutants is most associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Particulate matter (PM2.5) Signup and view all the answers

In low- and middle-income countries, which vector-borne disease is most commonly linked to poor water management and sanitation?

Guinea-worm disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of people globally who still lack access to improved drinking water services as of 2017? a) 1.2 billion b) 500 million c) 663 million d) 300 million

663 million Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a health hazard resulting from climate change?

Increase in vector-borne diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a typical consequence of exposure to household air pollution?

Cystic fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

The concept of "One Health" emphasizes the interconnectedness of human health, animal health, and which of the following? A) Economic stability B) Environmental health C) Technological advancement D) Agricultural productivity

Environmental health Signup and view all the answers

In the context of environmental health, what does WaSH stand for?

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What role do Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) play in public health planning?

They evaluate potential health risks of proposed developments. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor contributing to the burden of disease in low and middle-income countries?

High levels of air pollution Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to water and sanitation?

To ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant contributor to climate change that poses a risk to public health?

Deforestation for agricultural expansion Signup and view all the answers

The burden of disease attributable to air pollution is most pronounced in which demographic group?

Children under five Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the spread of vector-borne diseases?

Vaccination programs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of health education in WaSH programs?

To promote behavioral changes for better health outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common health effect associated with climate change?

Decreased incidence of allergies Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Paris Agreement in relation to public health?

It aims to limit global warming to safeguard health and well-being. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Environmental Health and Disease Burden

Environmental factors contribute to 15% of the global burden of disease.
In 2006, WHO defined Environmental Health as the relationship between human health and environmental quality.
12.6 million deaths annually linked to environmental causes; 23% of global deaths.
Children under 5 account for 50% of childhood pneumonia deaths attributed to environmental factors.

Public Health and Planning

Public health is vital for integrating health considerations in planning processes.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH)

WaSH initiatives address diseases linked to inadequate water quality and sanitation.
Key water quality issues impact health outcomes in vulnerable populations.

Air Pollution

Air pollution types include indoor and outdoor pollutants, affecting respiratory health.
Major health effects range from chronic respiratory diseases to cardiovascular events.
Solutions for air pollution: alternative fuels, improved stoves, better housing ventilation, and user behavior changes.
Indoor air pollution significantly links to SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy for all by 2030.

Climate Change and Health

Considered the greatest global health threat of the 21st century.
Human activity has unmistakably altered the climate; temperature already 1.2°C above pre-industrial levels.
Atmospheric CO₂ levels reached 412 ppm, highest in 800,000 years.

Climate Solutions and Public Health Action

Mitigation and adaptation strategies essential for addressing climate-related health risks.
The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to ≤2°C, ideally 1.5°C.
Global call to action for public health professionals to lead, engage, mitigate, adapt, and advocate for health resilience against climate impacts.
The Lancet series highlights the health benefits of transitioning to low-carbon approaches in energy, transport, and food systems.

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Description

This quiz covers key aspects of environmental health, including the burden of disease associated with environmental factors, the role of public health in planning, and the impact of water, air pollution, and climate change on health. Test your understanding of water quality issues and climate action responses while exploring related diseases and their effects.