Environmental Factors Affecting Health
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of kidney filters in relation to uric acid?

  • To filter unwanted minerals coming from the blood into the urine (correct)
  • To transform uric acid into a soluble form
  • To regulate the intake of purine in the diet
  • To increase the production of uric acid

    • What is the result of a prolonged and unmanaged gout condition?

  • Complete elimination of uric acid from the body
  • Reduced risk of kidney stones
  • Increased mobility and flexibility
  • Joint deformities and chronic pain (correct)

    • What medication is specifically given to patients during acute gout attacks?

  • Alaxan
  • Diclofenac
  • Colchicine (correct)
  • Paracetamol

    • What is the consequence of excessive production of uric acid?

    <p>Increased risk of gout flares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the kidney in maintaining uric acid levels?

    <p>To regulate and balance the production and secretion of uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the environmental factors that can cause headache?

    <p>Pollen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of exposure to allergens in asthma patients?

    <p>Worsening of asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause stones in the kidney?

    <p>Urate crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the skin prick test?

    <p>To identify specific allergens triggered in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of eosinophils and basophils in the blood?

    <p>They are elevated in response to allergen exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the nasal smear cytology test?

    <p>To assess the presence of inflammatory mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the lifestyle factors that can worsen allergy symptoms?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IgE in the body?

    <p>It is involved in the immune response to allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the medical factors that can contribute to allergy symptoms?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of osmotic diarrhea?

    <p>Poorly absorbed carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of lactose intolerance in the small intestine?

    <p>Lactose is not absorbed and attracts water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of acute diarrhea?

    <p>Less than 4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a watery stool in diarrhea?

    <p>It has a watery consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inflammation of mucosal damage in the intestine?

    <p>Disruption of normal secretory function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical manifestation of diarrhea?

    <p>Abdominal cramps and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of chronic diarrhea?

    <p>More than 8 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of poorly absorbed carbohydrates in the intestine?

    <p>Osmotic force attracts water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options are correct? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Option 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This is an example statement that is true

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Example question?

    <p>example answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ barked

    <p>dog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following programming languages with their primary usage:

    <p>Python = General-purpose programming JavaScript = Client-side scripting for web applications SQL = Database queries CSS = Styling web pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) test?

    <p>To measure blood glucose after fasting for about 16 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of therapeutic outcomes in diabetes management?

    <p>To prevent complications and improve the quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Type 1 DM?

    <p>Insulin therapy and regular monitoring of blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test?

    <p>To measure the average blood glucose level for the past 2-3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) if not achieved through lifestyle modifications?

    <p>Insulin therapy and blood glucose monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)?

    <p>To diagnose gestational diabetes in pregnant women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of lifestyle modifications in diabetes management?

    <p>To reduce obesity, smoking, and alcohol intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diabetes is treated with oral medications and insulin therapy?

    <p>Type 2 DM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Environmental Factors

    • Facial pressure and high pollen levels can cause headaches and inflammation in nasal mucosa, leading to allergic rhinitis and worsening asthma
    • Air pollution, mold spores, and dust mites are allergens that can exacerbate asthma and trigger allergic rhinitis

    Lifestyle Factors

    • Smoking and occupational exposure can worsen allergic rhinitis symptoms
    • Exposure to smoke and allergens can increase the risk of developing allergic rhinitis

    Medical Factors

    • IGE blood test helps identify specific allergens that trigger allergic reactions
    • Complete Blood Count (CBC) measures eosinophils and basophils in the blood, which can indicate exposure to allergens
    • Nasal smear cytology assesses the presence of inflammatory mediators in the nasal mucosa

    Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests

    • Skin prick test identifies specific allergens that trigger allergic reactions
    • Blood tests, such as IGE and CBC, help diagnose allergic rhinitis
    • Nasal smear cytology and osmotic diarrhea tests are used to diagnose and assess the severity of allergic rhinitis

    Clinical Manifestation of Allergic Rhinitis

    • Increase in frequency of bowel movements
    • Loose or watery stool
    • Abdominal cramps and pain
    • Urgency of bowel movement
    • Coagulopathy (bleeding disorder)

    Hepatitis B Virus

    • Transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, including blood, saliva, vaginal fluids, and semen
    • Can also be passed from mother to baby and through infected needles
    • Targets hepatocytes, liver cells, and immune cells
    • Can be acute (dormant within 6-8 months) or chronic (leads to liver cirrhosis)

    Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests for Hepatitis B

    • History and Physical Examination
    • Blood Test (Liver Function Test, LAT, and AST) measures liver enzymes and bilirubin levels
    • Elevated levels indicate liver damage or injury

    Hepatitis C Virus

    • Spread through contact with infected blood
    • Can lead to liver cirrhosis

    Diabetes Mellitus

    • Type 1: Insulin therapy replaces deficient insulin, and management involves regular monitoring, self-monitoring, and lifestyle modifications
    • Type 2: Oral medications (Metformin, Sulfonylureas) improve insulin sensitivity and blood glucose production, and insulin therapy is used if oral medications are ineffective
    • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): Blood glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, and postpartum monitoring

    Therapeutic Outcomes for Diabetes Mellitus

    • Prevent complications and long-term effects on eyes and cardiovascular system
    • Improve quality of life

    Bone and Joint Disorders: Gout and Hyperuricemia

    • Kidney filters unwanted minerals, including uric acid, and maintains production and secretion of uric acid
    • High levels of uric acid can lead to gout flares, joint deformities, and chronic pain
    • Renal excretion and kidney stones can occur due to urate crystals

    Potentiating Factors for Gout and Hyperuricemia

    • Recurrent attacks and joint deformities
    • Kidney stones and chronic pain

    Treatment and Management of Gout and Hyperuricemia

    • Acute attacks: NSAIDs (Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen), colchicine (anti-inflammatory medication)
    • Lifestyle modifications and management of underlying conditions

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    Description

    This quiz covers the effects of environmental factors such as facial pressure, pollen levels, and air pollution on human health, including headaches and asthma.

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