Environmental Epidemiology Midterm Quiz

Responsible for protecting human health and safeguarding the natural environment including air, land, and water.

Serve as the international organization responsible for environmental health at the global level.

Responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.

<p>ATSDR stands for Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulates air emissions from stationary and mobile sources of pollution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establish national, enforceable health standards for contaminants in drinking water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmission of diseases from humans to animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A severe, often fatal disease in humans caused by the Ebola virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mosquito-borne illness that can cause microcephaly during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metals with high densities that are toxic and nondegradable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vapor form (gas)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cancer risks, unregulation, danger to environment from oil spills, some non-renewable resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>food additives, color additives, animal drugs, some medical devices, human cells and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>compounded drugs, tobacco products, cosmetics, medical food, infant formula, dietary supplements, food labels, structure function claims</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fluoride, chlorine, chloramine, dioxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BPA, a primary organic synthetic compound in plastics with negative health effects from overexposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>23%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elderly, chronic illness, disabilities, pregnant women, children</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colloquial term for a class of diseases that have returned from the dead or reappeared after being thought to be extinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Model that theorizes changes in population based on fertility and mortality rates throughout time, 3 phases: pre-industrial, industrial, and post-industrial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explains changes in population using cause of death, 3 phases: (1) high infectious disease and famine, (2) medicine advances infectious decreases, (3) death from old age/chronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total number of children born to one woman during her childbearing years</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Point prevalence = # of persons ill / total # persons in group</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The occurrence of a new disease within a defined period of observation within a given population, expressed as the rate at which a new disease occurs per capita.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Case Fatality Rate (CFR) measures the lethality of a disease as a percentage, by calculating (# of deaths due to disease / # of cases of the disease) x 100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Odds Ratio is a measure of association between exposure and outcome, where a higher odds ratio indicates a greater likelihood that exposure leads to a certain outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relative Risk is the ratio of the probability of an outcome occurring with exposure to the probability of an outcome occurring without exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selection Bias refers to the unrepresentative nature of a sample, which may include control selection bias, loss to follow-up bias, self-selection bias, and the healthy worker effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information/Misclassification Bias refers to errors in the measurement of exposure or disease, which can arise from subject variation, observer variation, deficiencies in tools, or technical errors in measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confounding Bias occurs when the association between an exposure and an outcome is distorted by the presence of a third variable (confounder) that is associated with both the exposure and the outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers