Questions and Answers
What is a direct cause of extinction and loss of biodiversity?
Logging and deforestation
Which practice contributes greatly to the loss of biodiversity through overexploitation?
Overfishing
Which project was launched in 1973 by the Government of India to save the endangered species of tigers?
Project Tiger
Which activity is mainly done for trade or monetary gain, involving animal parts sold on the black market?
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What was launched on World Rhino Day, 22 September 2011, to protect one-horned rhinoceroses in India?
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Which human practices result in the loss of approximately 18 million acres of forest each year?
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Which project is specifically mentioned in the text as being of special significance in the conservation of the tiger?
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What is the primary purpose of wildlife sanctuaries according to the text?
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What is the major animal associated with Hemis National Park in India?
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Which location is known for the presence of the Indian Rhinoceros?
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In the context of wildlife sanctuaries, what is strictly prohibited?
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Which of the following is not a major animal found in Bandipur National Park?
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What was the main objective of the Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 in India?
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Which of the following projects is NOT mentioned in the text as a conservation effort in India?
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How many National Parks are there in India according to the National Wildlife Database, May 2019?
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What is the main focus of the Draft National Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP) 2017-31?
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Which type of area offers larger protection for natural habitats in India?
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What does the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) chaired by the Prime Minister provide for in India?
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Study Notes
Biosphere Reserves in India
- There are 18 notified biosphere reserves in India, with 10 being part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
- These reserves protect larger areas of natural habitat, often including one or more national parks or preserves, along with buffer zones open to some economic uses.
Wildlife Sanctuaries in India
- As of January 2023, there are 567 wildlife sanctuaries in India, established as IUCN category IV protected areas.
- Wildlife sanctuaries are natural areas where wildlife is protected and preserved, providing suitable living conditions for wildlife.
- Killing, capturing, and poaching of wildlife animals are strictly prohibited in these sanctuaries.
National Parks in India
- There are 104 existing national parks in India, covering an area of 40,501.13 km², which is 1.23% of the country's geographical area.
- Some notable national parks include:
- Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand)
- Kaziranga National Park (Assam)
- Ranthambhore National Park (Rajasthan)
- Bandipur National Park (Karnataka)
- Sundarbans National Park (West Bengal)
- Periyar National Park (Kerala)
- Gir Forest National Park (Gujarat)
- Hemis National Park (Gujarat)
Conservation of Wildlife
- The Government of India enacted the Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 to protect wildlife and control poaching, smuggling, and illegal trade.
- The National Board for Wildlife (NBWL), chaired by the Prime Minister, provides a policy framework for wildlife conservation.
- The National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016) and the Draft National Wildlife Action Plan (2017-2031) emphasize people's participation and support for wildlife conservation.
Threats to Wildlife
- Deforestation and habitat loss are direct causes of extinction and loss of biodiversity, with an estimated 18 million acres of forest lost each year.
- Overexploitation, including overhunting, overfishing, and overharvesting, contribute to the loss of biodiversity.
- Poaching is done for trade or monetary gain, with high demand for animal products such as alligator skin, snake skin, and elephant tusks.
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