Environmental Conditions & Bacterial Growth
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Questions and Answers

Which staining method is considered the most important in Microbiology?

  • Gram Stain (correct)
  • Alcohol
  • Crystal Violet
  • Iodine
  • Which of the following is a characteristic of Prokaryotic cells?

  • Mitochondria
  • Cell wall (correct)
  • Cell organelles
  • Nucleus
  • What is the main purpose of the Gram stain in Microbiology?

  • To examine bacterial cell shape
  • To differentiate between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
  • To determine the size of bacteria
  • To identify clinically important bacteria (correct)
  • Which stain is used to stain suspected mycobacteria?

    <p>Ziehl-Neelsen stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial shape is rod-shaped?

    <p>Bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the bacterial cell wall prevents osmotic lysis?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bacterial pili?

    <p>Adherence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During transcription, which enzyme binds to promoter regions and unwinds dsDNA ahead of it in short segments?

    <p>Topoisomerase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gene mutation often results in premature termination of translation and truncated proteins?

    <p>Frameshift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why antibiotic overuse and misuse leads to antibiotic resistance (AMR)?

    <p>Bacteria with AMR genes can survive and predominate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?

    <p>To confer phenotypic advantages to the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the negative supercoiling of DNA to release tension in the structure?

    <p>DNA gyrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

    <p>Catalyzes the formation of the new strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA replication begin on the chromosome?

    <p>Origin of replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of generating an identical set of genes during cell division called?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of viruses?

    <p>They are dependent on a host cell for replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the capsid in a virus?

    <p>It provides protection to the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are viruses considered alive?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method used for laboratory diagnosis of viral infections?

    <p>Microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major advantage of viral culture in diagnosing viral infections?

    <p>It can determine viability of the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of viral culture?

    <p>It has poor sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of serology in diagnosing viral infections?

    <p>To test for the presence of specific antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of enveloped viruses?

    <p>They have a lipid bilayer surrounding the capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of viral acquisition?

    <p>Fomite transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of the viral replication cycle?

    <p>Attachment/Fusion, Penetration/Entry, Uncoating, Synthesis/Replication, Assembly, Release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a viral infection have on host tissue?

    <p>Cytopathogenic effect (CPE) seen on cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

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