Environmental Conditions & Bacterial Growth

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Which staining method is considered the most important in Microbiology?

Gram Stain (correct)

Alcohol

Crystal Violet

Iodine

Which of the following is a characteristic of Prokaryotic cells?

Mitochondria

Cell wall (correct)

Cell organelles

Nucleus

What is the main purpose of the Gram stain in Microbiology?

To examine bacterial cell shape

To differentiate between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

To determine the size of bacteria

To identify clinically important bacteria (correct)

Which stain is used to stain suspected mycobacteria?

Ziehl-Neelsen stain Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial shape is rod-shaped?

Bacilli Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the bacterial cell wall prevents osmotic lysis?

Peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bacterial pili?

Adherence Signup and view all the answers

During transcription, which enzyme binds to promoter regions and unwinds dsDNA ahead of it in short segments?

Topoisomerase II Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gene mutation often results in premature termination of translation and truncated proteins?

Frameshift Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why antibiotic overuse and misuse leads to antibiotic resistance (AMR)?

Bacteria with AMR genes can survive and predominate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?

To confer phenotypic advantages to the host cell Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the negative supercoiling of DNA to release tension in the structure?

DNA gyrase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

Catalyzes the formation of the new strand Signup and view all the answers

Where does DNA replication begin on the chromosome?

Origin of replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of generating an identical set of genes during cell division called?

DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of viruses?

They are dependent on a host cell for replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the capsid in a virus?

It provides protection to the virus Signup and view all the answers

Are viruses considered alive?

No Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method used for laboratory diagnosis of viral infections?

Microscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the major advantage of viral culture in diagnosing viral infections?

It can determine viability of the virus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of viral culture?

It has poor sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of serology in diagnosing viral infections?

To test for the presence of specific antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of enveloped viruses?

They have a lipid bilayer surrounding the capsid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of viral acquisition?

Fomite transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the viral replication cycle?

Attachment/Fusion, Penetration/Entry, Uncoating, Synthesis/Replication, Assembly, Release Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a viral infection have on host tissue?

Cytopathogenic effect (CPE) seen on cell Signup and view all the answers

Environmental Conditions & Bacterial Growth

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Questions and Answers

Which staining method is considered the most important in Microbiology?

Which of the following is a characteristic of Prokaryotic cells?

What is the main purpose of the Gram stain in Microbiology?