Environmental Conditions & Bacterial Growth

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Questions and Answers

Which staining method is considered the most important in Microbiology?

  • Gram Stain (correct)
  • Alcohol
  • Crystal Violet
  • Iodine

Which of the following is a characteristic of Prokaryotic cells?

  • Mitochondria
  • Cell wall (correct)
  • Cell organelles
  • Nucleus

What is the main purpose of the Gram stain in Microbiology?

  • To examine bacterial cell shape
  • To differentiate between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
  • To determine the size of bacteria
  • To identify clinically important bacteria (correct)

Which stain is used to stain suspected mycobacteria?

<p>Ziehl-Neelsen stain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial shape is rod-shaped?

<p>Bacilli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the bacterial cell wall prevents osmotic lysis?

<p>Peptidoglycan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bacterial pili?

<p>Adherence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During transcription, which enzyme binds to promoter regions and unwinds dsDNA ahead of it in short segments?

<p>Topoisomerase II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gene mutation often results in premature termination of translation and truncated proteins?

<p>Frameshift (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why antibiotic overuse and misuse leads to antibiotic resistance (AMR)?

<p>Bacteria with AMR genes can survive and predominate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?

<p>To confer phenotypic advantages to the host cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the negative supercoiling of DNA to release tension in the structure?

<p>DNA gyrase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

<p>Catalyzes the formation of the new strand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does DNA replication begin on the chromosome?

<p>Origin of replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of generating an identical set of genes during cell division called?

<p>DNA replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of viruses?

<p>They are dependent on a host cell for replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the capsid in a virus?

<p>It provides protection to the virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are viruses considered alive?

<p>No (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method used for laboratory diagnosis of viral infections?

<p>Microscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major advantage of viral culture in diagnosing viral infections?

<p>It can determine viability of the virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of viral culture?

<p>It has poor sensitivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of serology in diagnosing viral infections?

<p>To test for the presence of specific antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of enveloped viruses?

<p>They have a lipid bilayer surrounding the capsid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of viral acquisition?

<p>Fomite transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the viral replication cycle?

<p>Attachment/Fusion, Penetration/Entry, Uncoating, Synthesis/Replication, Assembly, Release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a viral infection have on host tissue?

<p>Cytopathogenic effect (CPE) seen on cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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