Environmental Chemistry Quiz: Isotherms and PAHs
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Questions and Answers

What is a requirement for an isotherm to be considered acceptable?

  • It must pass through the point (0, 0). (correct)
  • It needs to show a power-law relationship.
  • It must only include positive mass values.
  • It should have a linear pattern throughout.
  • Which is an example of a volatile contaminant found in the gas phase?

  • Heavy metals
  • Groundwater nitrate
  • Hydrocarbon oil
  • Methane (correct)
  • In the Freundlich isotherm, what trend is observed with increasing concentration?

  • Linear increase in adsorption.
  • Asymptotic approach to a saturation point. (correct)
  • Decrease in adsorption efficiency.
  • Power-law relationship indicating stable adsorption.
  • What characterizes low-miscibility compounds in the context of contamination?

    <p>They do not mix readily with the solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are completely immiscible compounds considered rare in contamination scenarios?

    <p>They do not interact with water at all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of combustion is responsible for the formation of carbon monoxide?

    <p>Incomplete combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the toxic concentration of carbon monoxide typically recognized as dangerous?

    <p>35 ppm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)?

    <p>Tyre factories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound forms when carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin?

    <p>Carboxyhaemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant contributor to PAH emissions?

    <p>Wood burning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which PAH is specifically mentioned in relation to asphalt?

    <p>Benzo(a)pyrene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many priority PAHs have been identified by the US EPA?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)?

    <p>At least two benzene rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of algae is primarily associated with harmful algal blooms in coastal areas?

    <p>Dinoflagellates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major contributor to the eutrophication problem in the Venice Lagoon during the 1980s?

    <p>Massive intake of phosphorous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is NOT typically associated with aquifers?

    <p>Igneous rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur for a water well to remain productive?

    <p>Water must be pumped at a rate slower than replenishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of over-pumping a well in terms of water table levels?

    <p>The water table diminishes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of water movement occurs toward a well?

    <p>Down-slope flow of groundwater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the water table when water is pumped from a well?

    <p>It forms a cone of depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of an aquifer?

    <p>High porosity and permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculated source strength (Q) for the given parameters?

    <p>6.25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent concentration at ambient temperature (20°C) in mg/m³?

    <p>279.53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With a stack temperature of 350°C, what is the flow rate at that temperature (V̇T) in Nm³/s?

    <p>1.71 · 10^5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary industry associated with the Nitrastur site in Asturias, Spain?

    <p>Fertilizer production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the NOx concentration of the flue gases produced by the sinter plant?

    <p>300 mg/Nm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) banned in the USA?

    <p>1979</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is known for its persistence in the environment and is referred to as 'forever chemicals'?

    <p>PFAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the stack height in dispersion calculations?

    <p>It affects the dilution of pollutants in the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main origins of particulate matter?

    <p>Natural and anthropogenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following uses is NOT historically associated with PCBs?

    <p>Stain-resistant coatings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contaminants were found at the Nitrastur site in Asturias?

    <p>Copper and zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a natural source of primary particulate matter?

    <p>Soot from the combustion of coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of particulate matter that can reach the bronchi?

    <p>5 – 10 um</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)?

    <p>C12H10−xClx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a secondary source of particulate matter?

    <p>VOCs from vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the international ban on PCBs come into effect?

    <p>2001</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of products are PFAS commonly used in?

    <p>Waterproof clothing and food packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vehicles contribute to particulate matter through tailpipe emissions?

    <p>Trucks and buses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anthropogenic activity is primarily associated with VOC and NOx emissions?

    <p>Wood heating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which particulate matter can be immediately classified as primary from natural sources?

    <p>Dust from erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of anthropogenic particulate matter sources?

    <p>Soot from diesel combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of particulate matter is most likely to be produced from volcanic eruptions?

    <p>Ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the non-gaseous substances in the air that contribute to air pollution?

    <p>Particulate matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

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