Environmental Biotechnology: Traditional and Modern Aspects
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Questions and Answers

Match the following technologies with their main features:

Aerobic technologies of water treatment = Reliably traditional Anaerobic technologies of solid waste treatment = Refreshingly modern Genomics and systems microbiology = Extended range of possibilities Metabolic engineering = Advances in environmental management

Match the following topics with their groupings in Comprehensive Biotechnology:

Chemistry of Waste Treatment = Section 3 - Waste Management and Pollution Control Activated Sludge Type Processes = Microbiology and Ecology Solid Wastes = Anaerobic Reactors Control and Instrumentation = Fixed Film Systems

Match the following achievements with the field of environmental biotechnology:

Recognition of self-cleaning potential of natural ecosystems = Major achievement Development of nanotechnologies = Effective environmental management

Match the following factors with their impact on biodegradation rates:

<p>Bioavailability of hydrophobic pollutants = Low availability of pollutants for microbial degradation Catabolite repression = Inhibition of enzyme activity by other compounds Inducible enzymes = Enzymes that are activated in the presence of specific compounds Electron donors/acceptors = Compounds necessary for microbial metabolism during biodegradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their correct explanation:

<p>PCBs are nonpoint source pollutants. = PCBs are widely distributed in the environment at low concentrations Dead-end metabolites inhibit catabolic enzymes. = Metabolites that do not further degrade can interfere with enzyme function Biosupplementation improves biodegradation. = Addition of necessary compounds like carbon source enhances microbial degradation Genetically engineered microorganisms enhance biodegradation. = Modified microbes are introduced to improve pollutant breakdown capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pollutants with their characteristics:

<p>PCBs = Persistent compounds that may release dangerous metabolites in ecosystems Hydroxylated metabolites = Metabolites of PCBs that exhibit higher toxicity than the parent compounds Toxicity of PAHs = Chemicals known for being toxic and persistent in the environment Low-dose exposure of PCBs = Long-term exposure to PCBs at levels difficult to detect using short-term tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

Environmental management practitioners do not benefit from advances in metabolic engineering according to the text.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the major achievements of environmental biotechnology is the ineffective self-cleaning potential of natural ecosystems.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biodegradation rates observed in laboratory tests using various microcosms or pure cultures always match the actual biodegradation rates observed in the field.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The low biodegradation rates commonly observed in the environment are well understood and mainly relate to the absence of suitable electron donors and acceptors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

PCBs are recognized as nonpoint source pollutants due to their high biodegradation rates in both aerobic and anaerobic environments.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Improving biodegradation in the field can involve biosupplementation with limiting compounds like specific inducers.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The acute toxicity of PCBs is relatively high compared to their hydroxylated metabolites.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incomplete biotransformation of persistent compounds like PCBs can lead to the release of harmless metabolites in the ecosystems.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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