Environmental and Occupational Health Lecture 3
34 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the two categories of health issues discussed in the lecture?

Physical health and Psychosocial Well-being

What are the three factors considered in environmental epidemiology?

People, Places, and Time

What is one of the sources of data for environmental health monitoring?

Public Health care personnel

What is an example of a non-communicable disease mentioned in the lecture?

<p>Cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the long-term effects of occupational health issues?

<p>Activity limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of the impact of ill health in communities?

<p>Burden of Diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a psychosocial well-being issue mentioned in the lecture?

<p>Stress related conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are DALYs and QALYs?

<p>Measures of the burden of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of inadequate water and sanitation?

<p>Diarrhea and vector-related diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a health consequence of crowded housing and poor ventilation?

<p>Acute and chronic respiratory disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a health consequence of exposure to vehicular and industrial air pollution?

<p>Respiratory diseases and loss of IQ in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of population movement and encroachment on natural habitats?

<p>Vector-related diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a health consequence of exposure to naturally occurring toxic substances?

<p>Poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a health consequence of climate change?

<p>Injury and death from extreme weather events</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the health conditions vulnerable to children during the rainy season?

<p>Soil transmitted helminths, pneumonia, and dengue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the health risks associated with air pollution for pregnant women?

<p>Gestational diabetes, miscarriages, breast cancer, and preterm birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the environmental factors contributing to hip fractures in the elderly?

<p>Bathroom and stair hazards, air pollution, temperature, and geographical characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the health conditions that the sick population is more susceptible to?

<p>Opportunistic infections, COPD and other respiratory conditions, GI disorders, and hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that increase the vulnerability of pregnant women to health risks?

<p>Air pollution, heavy metals and PFAS exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the health risks associated with indoor air pollution in children?

<p>Pneumonia and other respiratory diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential health risk associated with ozone depletion from industrial and commercial activities?

<p>Skin cancer and cataracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an environmental health technician?

<p>Food inspectors, building inspectors, or pest control officers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population group may be more vulnerable to environmental health concerns due to their compromised immune system?

<p>The sick</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential factor contributing to differences in health and disease patterns between the 1st world and 3rd world countries?

<p>Environmental exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an epidemiologist in the field of environmental health?

<p>To study the distribution and determinants of environmental health problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of a laboratory analytical scientist in environmental health?

<p>Conducting analyses of water, food, soil, and air samples, as well as human tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary health concerns for indigenous people, and what factors contribute to these health issues?

<p>Primary health concerns include waterborne diseases, lower life expectancy, micronutrient deficiency, underweight and stunting, and high infant and maternal mortality. Factors contributing to these health issues include contaminated water, natural disasters, arm conflicts, geographic isolation, food insecurity, and integrational cycle of malnutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do health conditions differ between 1st world and 3rd world countries, and what factors contribute to these differences?

<p>Health conditions in 1st world countries include obesity and chronic diseases, while 3rd world countries face undernutrition and communicable diseases. Factors contributing to these differences include food security, economic disparity, lifestyle, urbanization, industrialization, poor sanitation and sewage systems, overcrowding, and limited access to healthcare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health concerns are specific to males and females, and what factors contribute to these health issues?

<p>Males are more prone to CVD, Osteoarthritis, and Alzheimer's, while females are more susceptible to other health issues. Factors contributing to these health issues include occupational hazards, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health concerns are specific to children under 5 years old and working groups, and what factors contribute to these health issues?

<p>Children under 5 are more susceptible to diarrheal diseases, Crohn's, pediatric AIDS, and asthma, while working groups face health issues related to occupational hazards. Factors contributing to these health issues include hygiene and sanitation, susceptibility to rotavirus, food intake, perinatal transmission, and environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do health concerns differ between rainy and dry seasons, and what factors contribute to these health issues?

<p>In rainy seasons, health concerns include flu, dengue, and heatstroke, while in dry seasons, concerns include asthma and respiratory issues. Factors contributing to these health issues include crowding, extreme temperatures, humidity, and breeding grounds for disease vectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common health concerns in areas with contaminated water and sanitation, and what factors contribute to these health issues?

<p>Common health concerns include waterborne diseases, micronutrient deficiency, and undernutrition. Factors contributing to these health issues include contaminated water, poor sanitation, and lack of access to clean water and sanitation facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do geographic isolation and food insecurity contribute to health concerns in indigenous communities?

<p>Geographic isolation and food insecurity contribute to health concerns such as micronutrient deficiency, undernutrition, and stunting in indigenous communities. Limited access to healthcare and healthy food options exacerbate these health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the health consequences of natural disasters, arm conflicts, and geographic isolation, and how do these factors contribute to health concerns in indigenous communities?

<p>Health consequences include waterborne diseases, micronutrient deficiency, and undernutrition. Natural disasters, arm conflicts, and geographic isolation contribute to these health issues by limiting access to healthcare, clean water, and sanitation facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Indices and Patterns of Environmental and Occupational Health

  • Respiratory problems: public and occupational
  • Injuries: public and occupational
  • Reproductive problems: public and occupational
  • Cancers: public and occupational
  • Communicable diseases: public
  • Noise effects: occupational
  • Skin problems: occupational
  • Days of absence from work: occupational
  • Activity limitations: long-term occupational

Psychosocial Well-being

  • Changes in quality of life
  • Changes in cultural and social patterns
  • Crime rates
  • Rates of drug and substance abuse
  • Stress-related conditions
  • Relocations

Environmental Epidemiology

  • Occurrence and patterns of disease consider:
    • People: age groups, vulnerabilities, health status, ethnicity, cultural health practices
    • Places: latitude, climate, topography, zonation
    • Time: seasonality, frequency of exposure, duration of exposure

Environmental Health Monitoring

  • Data providers/sources:
    • Public Health care personnel
    • Private practitioners
    • Hospital Records
    • Laboratory records
    • Health Insurance records
    • Research surveys

Word Bank Additions

  • Burden of Diseases (Public Health Impact):
    • Measure of impact of ill health in communities
    • Series of mortality, morbidity, and disability
    • DALY's, QALY's
  • PAHs, POPs, SPMs, NOXs, SOxs

Underlying Determinants of Possible Adverse Health and Safety Consequences

  • Inadequate water, sanitation, and solid waste disposal, improper hygiene:
    • Diarrhea and vector-related diseases
  • Improper water resource management:
    • Vector-related diseases
  • Crowded housing and poor ventilation of smoke:
    • Acute and chronic respiratory disease, including lung cancer
  • Exposures to vehicular and industrial air pollution:
    • Respiratory diseases, some cancers, and loss of IQ in children
  • Population movement and encroachment and construction:
    • Vector-related diseases and spread of infectious diseases
  • Exposure to naturally occurring toxic substances:
    • Poisoning from substances like arsenic, manganese, and fluorides
  • Natural resources degradation:
    • Injury and death from landslides and flooding
  • Climate change:
    • Injury/death from extreme heat/cold, floods, and fires
    • Indirect effects: spread of vector-borne diseases, aggravation of respiratory diseases, population dislocation, water pollution from sea-level rise
  • Ozone depletion:
    • Skin cancer, cataracts
    • Indirect effect: compromised food production

Environmental Health Professionals

  • Environmental health officer: sanitary inspectors
  • Environmental health technicians: food inspectors, environmental health, building inspectors, pest control officer
  • Environmental inspector: engineering or chemistry backgrounds
  • Epidemiologist: focused on environmental health
  • Ergonomist: engineers, physiotherapists, psychologists
  • Laboratory Analytical Scientist: biochemical labs for water, food, soil, air analyses, human tissues samples, microbiological contaminants, and maintenance and calibration of monitoring equipment

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz covers indices and patterns of environmental and occupational health, including respiratory problems, injuries, reproductive health, and cancers.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser