Enumerative Induction Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is enumerative induction?

An inductive argument pattern in which we reason from premises about individual members of a group to conclusions about the group as a whole.

What is the target group?

The whole collection of individuals under study.

What is a sample?

The observed members of the target group.

What is a relevant property?

A property, or characteristic, that is of interest in the target group. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hasty generalization?

The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size. Signup and view all the answers

What is a biased sample?

A sample that does not properly represent the target group. Signup and view all the answers

What is a representative sample?

A sample that resembles the target group in all relevant ways. Signup and view all the answers

What is a random sample?

A sample that is selected randomly from a target group to ensure that the sample is representative. Signup and view all the answers

What is the confidence level in statistical theory?

The probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error. Signup and view all the answers

What is the margin of error?

The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Enumerative Induction

Inductive reasoning approach that draws conclusions about a whole group based on observations of individual members.

Target Group

Refers to the entire collection of individuals being studied.
Conclusions are made about this group based on observations.

Sample

Comprises the observed members of the target group.
Represents the group that is specifically polled or studied.

Relevant Property

Indicates specific characteristics of interest within the target group.
Focuses on features pertinent to the study's aims.

Hasty Generalization

A logical fallacy where conclusions about the target group are made from an insufficient sample size.
Risks leading to inaccurate or misleading conclusions.

Biased Sample

A type of sample that fails to accurately reflect the target group.
Can result in skewed data and biased conclusions.

Representative Sample

This sample closely mirrors the characteristics of the target group in all relevant aspects.
Essential for drawing valid conclusions.

Random Sample

A sampling method where individuals are selected randomly from the target group.
Ensures that the sample is representative, minimizing bias.

Confidence Level

Represents the degree of certainty that the sample accurately reflects the target group within a given margin of error.
Important in assessing the reliability of survey results.

Margin of Error

Describes the potential difference between sample-derived values and the actual values of the target group.
Indicates the precision of conclusions drawn from the sample data.

Description

Explore the concepts related to enumerative induction through this set of flashcards. Each card presents key terms and definitions that will enhance your understanding of inductive reasoning and target groups. Perfect for students looking to master these fundamental concepts.