Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a low-cost entry strategy often preferred by firms with limited resources?
Which of the following is a low-cost entry strategy often preferred by firms with limited resources?
- Joint venture
- Direct exporting
- Wholly owned subsidiary
- Franchising (correct)
Currency fluctuations are an example of political risk.
Currency fluctuations are an example of political risk.
False (B)
What type of risk is exemplified by marketing campaigns failing due to cultural misunderstandings?
What type of risk is exemplified by marketing campaigns failing due to cultural misunderstandings?
cultural risk
Stringent data protection laws in the EU, such as GDPR, are an example of a ______ risk.
Stringent data protection laws in the EU, such as GDPR, are an example of a ______ risk.
Match the following risk types with their definitions:
Match the following risk types with their definitions:
Which of the following is a method firms can use to mitigate financial losses associated with political risks?
Which of the following is a method firms can use to mitigate financial losses associated with political risks?
Diversifying operations across multiple markets increases a firm’s dependency on a single country.
Diversifying operations across multiple markets increases a firm’s dependency on a single country.
What is the term for a government taking control of foreign-owned assets?
What is the term for a government taking control of foreign-owned assets?
A firm choosing a joint venture over a wholly owned subsidiary may be influenced by factors such as market size, political environment, and ______
A firm choosing a joint venture over a wholly owned subsidiary may be influenced by factors such as market size, political environment, and ______
What is one of the recommended ways to manage risks when operating internationally?
What is one of the recommended ways to manage risks when operating internationally?
Which of the following entry strategies involves the least risk and investment for a firm entering a foreign market?
Which of the following entry strategies involves the least risk and investment for a firm entering a foreign market?
In a licensing agreement, the licensor gains complete control over the brand reputation and quality in the foreign market.
In a licensing agreement, the licensor gains complete control over the brand reputation and quality in the foreign market.
What type of entry strategy involves a partnership where the costs, risks, and profits are shared between two or more companies in a foreign market?
What type of entry strategy involves a partnership where the costs, risks, and profits are shared between two or more companies in a foreign market?
A form of licensing where the franchisor provides a complete business model is known as ______?
A form of licensing where the franchisor provides a complete business model is known as ______?
Match the following entry strategies with their descriptions:
Match the following entry strategies with their descriptions:
Which entry strategy gives a company the highest degree of control over its operations in a foreign market?
Which entry strategy gives a company the highest degree of control over its operations in a foreign market?
Firms should always choose wholly owned subsidiaries over other entry strategies no matter the context.
Firms should always choose wholly owned subsidiaries over other entry strategies no matter the context.
What is a major disadvantage of indirect exporting?
What is a major disadvantage of indirect exporting?
A high risk political environment may favor the use of a low commitment entry strategy like ______.
A high risk political environment may favor the use of a low commitment entry strategy like ______.
Greater cultural differences between the home and target markets is a key driver for firms to consider which market entry strategy?
Greater cultural differences between the home and target markets is a key driver for firms to consider which market entry strategy?
Flashcards
Exporting
Exporting
Selling goods or services produced in one country to customers in another.
Direct Exporting
Direct Exporting
A firm sells directly to foreign buyers or distributors.
Indirect Exporting
Indirect Exporting
A firm uses intermediaries like export management companies.
Licensing
Licensing
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Franchising
Franchising
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Joint Ventures (JVs)
Joint Ventures (JVs)
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Wholly Owned Subsidiaries
Wholly Owned Subsidiaries
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Strategic Alliances
Strategic Alliances
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Market Size and Growth Potential
Market Size and Growth Potential
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Political/Legal Environment
Political/Legal Environment
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Political Risk
Political Risk
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Economic Risk
Economic Risk
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Cultural Risk
Cultural Risk
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Legal/Regulatory Risk
Legal/Regulatory Risk
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Operational Risk
Operational Risk
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Joint Venture
Joint Venture
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Wholly Owned Subsidiary
Wholly Owned Subsidiary
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Study Notes
Entry Strategies in International Markets
- Firms select entry strategies based on resources, objectives, and target market characteristics.
- Exporting: Selling goods/services from one country to another.
- Direct exporting: Firm deals with foreign buyers/distributors.
- Indirect exporting: Uses intermediaries (e.g., export management companies).
- Advantages: Low risk/investment, quick market entry.
- Disadvantages: Limited control, vulnerability to trade barriers.
- Licensing/Franchising:
- Licensing: Grants use of intellectual property (e.g., patents) to a foreign partner in return for royalties.
- Franchising: Provides a complete business model (e.g., McDonald's).
- Advantages: Low cost/risk, access to local expertise.
- Disadvantages: Loss of control, risk of creating competitors.
- Joint Ventures (JVs): Partnership between companies to share resources, risks, profits.
- Advantages: Shared costs/risks, local knowledge/networks.
- Disadvantages: Potential conflicts over decision-making/profit-sharing.
- Wholly Owned Subsidiaries: Establish a new operation or acquire an existing firm abroad, maintaining full control.
- Advantages: Full control, greater profit potential.
- Disadvantages: High cost/risk, exposure to political/economic risks.
- Strategic Alliances: Collaborative agreements for mutual goals (e.g., R&D partnerships)
Factors influencing Entry Strategy Choice
- Market size/growth: Larger, growing markets justify higher investment strategies (e.g., wholly owned subsidiaries).
- Political/legal environment: High-risk environments favor low-commitment strategies (e.g., exporting, licensing).
- Cultural distance: Larger cultural gaps may necessitate partnerships with local firms (e.g., JVs).
- Resource availability: Limited resources favor low-cost options (e.g., franchising, indirect exporting).
Risks in International Markets
- Political risks: Government instability, asset expropriation, trade restrictions, corruption.
- Example: Nationalization of foreign assets in Venezuela.
- Economic risks: Currency fluctuations, inflation, economic downturns impacting profitability.
- Example: Devaluation affecting revenue from subsidiaries.
- Cultural risks: Misinterpreting local customs, consumer behavior, or business practices.
- Example: Cultural insensitivity in marketing campaigns.
- Legal/regulatory risks: Complex regulations.
- Example: GDPR (EU data protection laws).
- Operational risks: Supply chain disruptions, infrastructure challenges, poor partner performance.
Managing Risks
- Thorough market research and risk analysis before entry.
- Use insurance (e.g., political risk insurance).
- Diversify operations across multiple markets to reduce reliance on individual countries.
- Build strong relationships with local stakeholders to navigate regulations.
Exam Preparation Tips
- Understand pros/cons of different entry strategies.
- Explain how factors (market size, political environment, culture) affect strategy selection.
- Analyze international risks and their management.
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