Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs)
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Questions and Answers

A level 4 learner requires what level of supervision?

  • No supervision is required; the learner is fully independent.
  • Requires moderate supervision for up to 50% of activities.
  • Requires minimal supervision, able to report key findings and execute care plans with minimal guidance. (correct)
  • Requires constant direct supervision for all activities.
  • Which assessment tool is suitable for both formative and summative assessments?

  • Mini clinical examination (mini-CEX)
  • Direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS)
  • Case Log
  • Case-based Discussion (CBD) (correct)
  • What is the recommended structure of effective constructive feedback?

  • Provided only by the preceptor to the preceptee.
  • Balanced, including both positive points and areas for improvement, based on direct observations. (correct)
  • Primarily focus on negative points to drive improvement.
  • General and given without specific examples.
  • What consideration should be made when determining the level of trust for a Registered Nurse (RN)?

    <p>Focus on what a newly graduated RN can be trusted to perform. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary alignment factor for the expiry date of an RN's level of trust?

    <p>The State Nursing Board (SNB) registration requirements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for nursing students to understand the diverse cultural backgrounds of elderly patients?

    <p>To deliver respectful and effective care that acknowledges cultural beliefs and practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most crucial for ensuring the successful implementation of programs aimed at improving care for older adults?

    <p>Adequate allocation of financial resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does interdisciplinary collaboration enhance geriatric education for nursing students?

    <p>It provides students with diverse perspectives and enhances holistic care delivery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does adopting a competency-based approach in nursing education for geriatric care entail?

    <p>Defining clear competencies related to geriatric care that nursing students must master before graduation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advocating for regulatory changes in nursing practice directly supports which of the following?

    <p>Ensuring nurses have the necessary support to provide high-quality care to older adults. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does simulation training benefit nursing students in preparing for geriatric care?

    <p>It allows students to practice clinical and communication skills in a safe environment before interacting with real patients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the NHG framework for Prevention of Abuse and Harassment, the '3R' structure includes which of the following key components?

    <p>Recognise, Respond, Report. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NHG's Group HR Policy S15A focuses on protecting staff against abuse and harassment from which source?

    <p>External Perpetrators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is lifelong learning particularly important for nurses specializing in geriatric care?

    <p>To stay current with best practices and emerging research in geriatric care. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does direct interaction with elderly patients under supervision contribute to nursing students' geriatric competence?

    <p>It allows nursing students to apply theoretical knowledge and develop essential geriatric competencies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following post-incident support measures is planned for implementation in FY24 to assist staff affected by abuse or harassment?

    <p>External counseling services offered through an Employee Assistance Programme. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of integrating geriatric principles across various subjects in the nursing curriculum?

    <p>To ensure students develop a well-rounded understanding of the unique challenges in elderly care. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nurses contribute to ensuring a smooth healthcare transition for older adults in Singapore?

    <p>By providing clinical care and holistic management of health outcomes and emotional health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is tailored education and support essential in nursing care for Singapore's aging population?

    <p>To address the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and promote effective self-management. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interprofessional education in preparing nursing students for geriatric care?

    <p>To foster teamwork and communication skills necessary for effective geriatric care across various health services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geriatric care, what is encompassed in the scope of nursing practice, beyond clinical skills?

    <p>Navigating complexities in care delivery, inclusive of ethical considerations and health promotion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do multiple, concurrent health issues like chronic diseases and cognitive decline impact the complexity of care for older adults?

    <p>They increase the complexity of care, requiring comprehensive and integrated management strategies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary challenge associated with evaluating population health data from Singapore's healthcare institutions (NHG, TTSH, NUH, AH, polyclinics)?

    <p>The lack of government funding for healthcare data analysis projects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should nurses address communication barriers caused by cognitive impairments or sensory deficits in elderly patients?

    <p>By using specialized techniques to ensure effective interaction and understanding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SingHealth and NUS's EMPOWER app primarily utilizes patient monitoring data to:

    <p>Deliver tailored health insights and encourage behavior changes, such as increased physical activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ethical considerations in nursing care for the elderly?

    <p>They involve navigating sensitive issues like autonomy, consent, and end-of-life decisions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is AI being utilized in Singapore's National Cancer Centre to enhance cancer treatment?

    <p>By analyzing cancer proteins post-surgery to inform the development of personalized vaccines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of an insufficient number of trained geriatric nurses on the quality of care provided to older adults?

    <p>It exacerbates the challenge of providing quality care, highlighting the need for targeted recruitment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of AI-driven diagnoses, what is a significant advantage of using AI chatbots compared to traditional search engines like Google?

    <p>AI chatbots free up clinicians' time by addressing common patient questions and concerns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the challenges in geriatric nursing, what strategy would be MOST effective for improving the overall quality of care for older adults?

    <p>Allocating resources to recruit and retain geriatric nurses while providing tailored education. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Singapore National Eye Centre utilizes AI to screen retinal images with the primary goal of:

    <p>Quickly detecting retinopathy and enabling timely intervention. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SGH and A*Star's AI system uses five years of scan data to:

    <p>Detect abnormalities in medical scans and improve diagnostic accuracy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the aiTriage system at SGH and Duke-NUS aim to improve patient care in the emergency room?

    <p>By prioritizing patients based on the severity of their condition, enabling prompt sepsis treatment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical concern is most closely associated with the increasing use of AI in healthcare decision-making?

    <p>The challenge of ensuring accountability when AI systems make incorrect diagnoses or treatment recommendations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do strong partnerships with geriatric care facilities primarily benefit nursing students?

    <p>By offering opportunities for practical experience and real-world immersion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mentorship programs that connect nursing students with experienced geriatric nurses?

    <p>To foster professional development and enhance learning outcomes for students. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ongoing training considered essential for nursing professionals in geriatric care?

    <p>To keep them informed about the latest trends and best practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do certification programs in geriatric nursing enhance a nurse's ability to deliver individualized care?

    <p>By providing advanced training and signifying a commitment to excellence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary benefit do nursing students gain from analyzing case studies with best practices in geriatric care?

    <p>Valuable insights into effective approaches that have improved patient outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is telehealth training increasingly important for nursing students in the context of geriatric care?

    <p>To prepare them for the future of patient care delivery as telehealth becomes more integral. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can nurses advocate for policy reforms that support aging populations?

    <p>By voicing the needs of aging populations to policymakers and stakeholders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do strong healthcare policies play in addressing the needs of the aging population?

    <p>They ensure adequate funding, resources, and programs designed to improve geriatric care delivery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Level 3 Entrustment

    A stage where a learner requires moderate supervision (up to 50%) for activities.

    Level 4 Entrustment

    A stage where a learner needs minimal supervision and can report findings independently.

    Formative Assessment

    Tools that identify learning gaps and misconceptions during learning.

    Summative Assessment

    Evaluates knowledge and success at the end of a learning period.

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    Effective Feedback

    Constructive, respectful, two-way communication focusing on observations.

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    Patient Monitoring

    Using digital devices to track health metrics like blood pressure and sugar levels.

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    EMPOWER App

    An application by Singhealth and NUS that provides personalized health data to users.

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    Precision Medicine

    Personalized medical treatment based on individual characteristics, especially in cancer care.

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    AI in Diagnoses

    Use of AI technologies like chatbots and machine learning to assist in medical diagnoses.

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    AI Triage

    An AI system used to quickly assess and prioritize patients in emergency rooms.

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    Data Complexity

    The challenges associated with managing and analyzing vast amounts of heterogeneous health data.

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    Ethical Concerns in AI

    Issues related to privacy, confidentiality, and accountability for AI decisions in healthcare.

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    Machine Learning

    A type of artificial intelligence that enables systems to learn from data and improve over time without explicit programming.

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    Patient-Centered Care

    A healthcare approach focusing on the individual needs and preferences of patients, particularly older adults.

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    Nursing Role in Aging

    Nurses advocate and deliver comprehensive care tailored to the needs of older adults, addressing both physical and emotional aspects.

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    Complex Health Conditions

    Older adults often face multiple health issues simultaneously, complicating their care management.

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    Communication Barriers

    Challenges in communication due to cognitive impairments and sensory deficits in older adults requiring special techniques.

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    Ethical Dilemmas in Geriatric Care

    Difficult decisions in elderly care involving autonomy, consent, and end-of-life issues, needing strong ethical reasoning.

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    Workforce Shortages in Geriatric Nursing

    A lack of trained geriatric nurses that complicates the provision of quality care for older adults.

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    Chronic Disease Management

    The ongoing care and support for older adults with chronic illnesses to maintain their health and quality of life.

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    Holistic Health Management

    Approach in nursing combining physical care with emotional well-being for older adults.

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    Cultural Competencies

    Understanding diverse cultural backgrounds of elderly patients for effective care.

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    Integrating Geriatric Content

    Embedding geriatric principles in various subjects within the curriculum.

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    Interdisciplinary Collaboration

    Working with multiple healthcare disciplines to enhance geriatric education and care.

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    Competency-Based Education

    Defining clear competencies related to geriatric care for nursing students before graduation.

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    Simulation Training

    Realistic training scenarios like role-playing for nursing students to practice skills.

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    Lifelong Learning

    Commitment to ongoing education and advanced certifications in geriatric care.

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    Clinical Practicum

    Direct hands-on experience with elderly patients to apply theoretical knowledge.

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    Interprofessional Education

    Collaborating with other healthcare disciplines to build teamwork and communication skills.

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    Funding for Care

    Allocation of resources to enhance access, quality, and sustainability of care for older adults.

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    Regulatory Changes in Nursing

    Changes in policies that ensure nurses can provide high-quality and equitable care to older adults.

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    3R Framework

    A structure for preventing abuse: Recognise, Respond, and Report.

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    Group HR Policy S15A

    Policies protecting staff against abuse and harassment from external perpetrators.

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    Post-Incident Support

    Support provided to staff affected by abuse, including counseling and legal assistance.

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    Partnerships with Geriatric Care Facilities

    Collaboration with community facilities to provide practical insights for nursing students.

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    Mentorship Programs

    Programs connecting students with experienced geriatric nurses for professional development.

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    Ongoing Training

    Regular updates for nurses to stay informed about current geriatric care practices.

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    Workshops and Seminars

    Specialized events where nurses enhance their skills in managing geriatric patients.

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    Certification Programs

    Advanced training programs in geriatric nursing indicating commitment to excellence.

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    Telehealth Training

    Education on using telehealth services in geriatric contexts for future care delivery.

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    E-learning Platforms

    Online technologies providing flexible education for nursing students in geriatric care.

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    Advocacy for Aging Population

    Nurses advocating for policy reforms that support the health needs of the elderly.

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    Study Notes

    Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs)

    • EPAs are units of professional practice, tasks, or work that can be assigned to a learner without supervision, if the learner demonstrates the required competence.
    • This concept allows for greater scope of practice for the learner, while maintaining patient safety.
    • Key elements of EPA include:
      • "Entrustable" - acts needing trust and performed without supervision.
      • "Professional" - specific qualification-based occupations.
      • "Activities" - tasks to be performed.

    EPA vs Competency

    • Traditionally, performance was assessed through individual competencies.
    • An EPA shifts the focus to the tasks that must be done vs the competency of the individual.
    • EPA uses a competency checklist and clinical assessment, instead of a trust-based assessment alone.

    EPA Components/Descriptors

    • EPA work descriptors are essential tasks performed in a professional practice, such as admitting, discharging, and educating patients.
    • Person descriptors relate to competencies, skills, knowledge and attitudes from the professional, such as health system knowledge, communication, and scholarly skills.

    Why EPAs?

    • EPAs help bridge the gap between theory and clinical practice.
    • They support the assessment of competencies within the workplace.

    EPA examples (from the documents)

    • Performing Comprehensive Health Assessment
    • Performing Clinical Procedures (of a Registered Nurse)
    • Conducting Patient/Caregiver Education
    • Managing Care Transitions
    • Recognizing, escalating and providing initial care, for patients requiring resuscitation, etc.

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    Description

    Entrustable Professional Activities are tasks assigned to learners demonstrating competence. EPAs allow for increased learner autonomy while ensuring patient safety. EPAs shift focus from individual competencies to essential tasks, utilizing competency checklists and clinical assessments.

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