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Questions and Answers
Before co-writing the book AI 2041, Kai-Fu Lee was the co-founder of what startup that focuses on AI-based capital firm?
Before writing the book AI 2041, the two authors, Kai-Fu Lee and Chen Quifan were colleagues in what tech-based company?
Which short story, featured in the book AI 2041, criticizes the dystopian societal effects and challenges imposed by deepfake technology?
Gods behind the Masks
What aspect of technology does the short story 'Contactless Love' criticize in the book AI 2041?
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What is another term for the rate of demand for an item in stock?
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Which of the following statements best reflects the trend observed in tech companies regarding the preference for artificial intelligence (AI) over human intelligence?
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In decision making under uncertainty, which criteria assumes that the very best outcome will occur?
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In decision making under uncertainty, which criteria assumes that the best alternative is the one with the highest weighted value?
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The Decathlon website features OAuth Single Sign-On (SSO) for logging in. Microsoft is NOT an option for the user when logging in.
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What is the requirement to sign up in Angkas? An Angkas sign-up requirement is a ______.
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What is the login feature of Angkas?
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Which component accounted for the largest total cost in Computer Operations, at 66%?
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In what year did the DepED have the most budget for computer operations?
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Which commuter application offers offline functionality?
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Which commuter application makes navigation difficult due to a learning curve to understand the app?
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As of 2022, how many users does Gcash have?
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The formula for the Total Inventory cost is ____, ____, and ____.
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What is the best routing algorithm if the probability of expecting Moderate Traffic is 40%, Light Traffic is 35%, and Heavy Traffic is 25%?
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What is the most costly component in the ICT Procurement of the ILS-DOLE?
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Which of the following does NOT describe decision making under certainty?
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Match the following programming languages with their primary usage:
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The ABC Classification System is also known as the Pareto Analysis.
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What is the cost to carry an item in inventory for a length of time, usually a year?
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What is the new EMV if the probability of large revenue for Building a Team Productivity App increases by 28%?
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According to the optimistic criterion, which option provides the highest possible enjoyment level?
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According to the minimax regret criterion, which option provides the highest possible enjoyment level?
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According to the criterion of realism, which option provides the highest possible enjoyment level if the degree of optimism is α=60?
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What is the EMV of building a small facility in the case of not conducting a study?
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What is the EMV of building a large facility in the case of conducting a study?
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What is the EMV when Sophie conducted a study?
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What is 'service level'?
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What is 'Economic Order Quantity'?
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What is the total cost of the merchandise with the discount?
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What is the most optimal strategy for ordering?
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What is the reorder point?
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What is the EOQ of the merchandise without the discount?
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How many languages does Duolingo currently offer?
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Which of the following are NOT top countries of BDO website visits?
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Which is a major competitor of FANS?
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Which competitor of SAKAY focuses on mapping out routes for LRT-1 and LRT-2?
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Which among SMAC competitors have the most website visits?
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Which among UVLE’s competitors make up 24% of the K-12 LMS market?
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Which among the following is not a way to log into UVLE?
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Which is a vulnerable point in the DCS? Lack of __________ to protect from DDoS attacks.
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From 2021-2023, there was a significant decrease in the budget for computer operations.
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In 2022 and 2023, the largest IT-related spending of the BIR was on __.
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What is the total contract cost for DFA’s computer procurement?
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Study Notes
CityMapper and Commuter Applications
- CityMapper is a commuter-based app that has ride booking integration for taxis.
- Moovit is another commuter-based app that is best used for LRT Navigation and its BEEP card functionalities.
- IkotMNL is a commuter-based app that is best used for LRT Navigation and its BEEP card functionalities.
AI and Technology
- Kai-Fu Lee is the co-founder of Sinovation Ventures, an AI-based capital firm.
- Before writing the book AI 2041, Kai-Fu Lee and Chen Quifan were colleagues in Google China.
- The book AI 2041 explores the future of artificial intelligence and its impact on society.
- The short story "Gods behind the Masks" in AI 2041 critiques the dystopian societal effects and challenges imposed by deepfake technology.
- The short story "Contactless Love" in AI 2041 critiques the challenges imposed by AI healthcare.
- Tech companies are increasingly preferring the use of artificial intelligence (AI) over human intelligence due to its efficiency and speed.
Inventory Management
- Inventory is any stored resource that is used to satisfy a current or future need.
- The purpose of inventory is to protect against fluctuating demand, delayed supply, and to benefit from large quantities.
- The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model is used to determine the optimal order quantity that minimizes total inventory costs.
- The Annual Ordering Cost is a hyperbolic function.
- The Annual Holding Cost is a linear function.
- The Annual Purchase Cost is a linear function.
Cybersecurity and Data Privacy
- RA 10175, also known as the Cybercrime Prevention Act, penalizes acts such as computer-related forgery, cybersex, and child pornography.
- Benigno Aquino III signed the final version of RA 10175.
- Data privacy emphasizes the ethical and responsible handling of sensitive information, including guidelines on collection and sharing.
- Tenable.io is a vulnerability management platform that provides users with a risk-based view of their entire attack surface.
- ExtraHOP is a cybersecurity solution that provides real-time monitoring and analysis of network traffic to detect and respond to potential threats.
Government and Procurement
- RA 9184 aims to modernize and regulate government procurement activities, promoting transparency, competitiveness, and accountability.
- The Department of Education (DepEd) had a total procurement budget of PHP 38,947,999.93 in 2021.
- The largest component of the DepEd's Computer Operations budget in 2021 was Information System, accounting for 66% of the total cost.
Miscellaneous
- GCash is a mobile application that has around 76 million users as of 2022.
- The primary objective of RA 9184 is to modernize and regulate government procurement activities, promoting transparency, competitiveness, and accountability.
- The DOH website provides public information about diseases, allows users to explore job opportunities in health services, and shares advisories and updates from the DOH.### Fraud Detection and Transaction Notifications
- 500 units are required for two-factor authentication, fraud detection, and transaction notifications.
Decision Making under Uncertainty
- Criterion of Regret (Savage's Criterion) minimizes the largest anticipated regret.
- Criterion of Pessimism (Maximin or Minimax) assumes the worst will happen, no matter which alternative is chosen.
- Criterion of Optimism (Maximax or Minimin) assumes the best outcome will occur.
- Criterion of Equal Probabilities (Laplace) assumes all states of nature are equally likely to occur.
- Coefficient of Optimism (Hurwicz Criterion) assumes the best alternative is the one with the highest weighted value.
Gcash and DOH Website
- Gcash features include cash-in and cash-out locations, Gloan, and QR payment.
- The DOH website features Ejobs, distributing official DOH announcements, and information about hospitals and medical centers.
Decision Trees
- A decision tree is not limited to a binary tree.
- Decision trees are best for sequential decisions.
- Alternatives emerge from decision points.
- Events emerge from chance points.
AI and Alignment
- The book "The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values" is written by Brian Christian.
- AI alignment refers to making AI follow a set of determined values.
- The alignment problem refers to AI having unintended behavior.
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
- The optimal order quantity is EOQ = √(2 * Annual Demand * Order Cost / Holding Cost).
- Total holding cost = (EOQ / 2) * Holding Cost per unit per year.
- Total order cost = (Annual Demand / EOQ) * Order Cost.
Periodic Order Quantity (POQ)
- The optimal order quantity is Q = √(2 * Annual Demand * Setup Cost / Holding Cost).
- Minimum inventory level = Q * (1 - Daily Demand / Production Rate).
Inventory Management
- Annual holding cost = Iave * Holding Cost per unit per year.
- Annual setup cost = (Annual Demand / Q) * Setup Cost.
Routing Algorithms
- The best routing algorithm depends on the criterion used:
- Criterion of Equal Probabilities: Shortest Path, Distance Vector, or Link State.
- Criterion of Pessimism: Shortest Path, Distance Vector, or Link State.
- Criterion of Optimism: Shortest Path, Distance Vector, or Link State.
- Hurwicz Criterion: Shortest Path, Distance Vector, or Link State.
- Criterion of Regret: Shortest Path, Distance Vector, or Link State.
Miscellaneous
- OAuth Single Sign-On (SSO) is a feature of the Decathlon website.
- ROP (Reorder Point) is the inventory level at which an order should be placed to ensure meeting demand.
- Safety stock is the amount of inventory held to meet demand during uncertain periods.
- The ABC Classification System is also known as the Pareto Analysis.
- Holding cost is the cost to carry an item in inventory for a length of time, usually a year.
- Decision making under certainty involves choosing a savings account, investing in a bond with a known guarantee, purchasing a ticket to a concert, or choosing a prepaid mobile phone plan.### Inventory Management and Decision Analysis
Subgroup and Inventory Cost
- A small percentage of items (e.g., 10%) account for a large percentage (e.g., 70%) of total annual inventory cost.
- The total inventory cost = (Q/2) x CH + (D/Q) x CO + D x P, where Q is the order quantity, CH is the carrying cost per unit, D is the annual demand, CO is the ordering cost, and P is the purchase price per unit.
Decision Analysis
- The Hurwicz criterion is a decision-making approach that combines pessimism and optimism, with alpha (α) determining the weight given to best and worst possible outcomes.
- A higher alpha value indicates more weight is given to the best possible outcome.
Decision-Making under Uncertainty
- The primary characteristic of decision-making under uncertainty is that the decision-maker recognizes different potential states of nature but cannot confidently estimate probabilities of their occurrence.
EMV Calculations
- EMV (Expected Monetary Value) is used to evaluate decision options under uncertainty.
- EMV = ∑(Outcome x Probability)
Decision Tree
- Events emerge from chance points in a decision tree.
Decision-Making Criteria
- Decision-making involves evaluating options based on costs, probabilities, and potential profits.
- The criterion of realism combines pessimism and optimism, with alpha (α) determining the weight given to best and worst possible outcomes.
- The maximax criterion assumes the best possible outcome will occur.
- The minimax regret criterion assumes the worst possible outcome will occur.
Service Level and Economic Order Quantity
- Service level refers to the chance that there will not be a stockout.
- Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is the amount of inventory ordered that minimizes total inventory cost.
Inventory Management Case Studies
- Bella's fast-food restaurant: to minimize costs and ensure demand is met, Bella should order 142 kg of premium sliced turkey per order.
- DOT's promotional materials: to avoid stockouts, DOT should order 5,000 brochures at the appropriate time, with a safety stock of 350 units to maintain a 96% service level.
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