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Questions and Answers
Quelle est la méthode utilisée pour mesurer l'enthalpie de dissolution ?
Quel type de réaction de dissolution correspond à une ΔH négative ?
Quel est le facteur qui affecte l'enthalpie de dissolution d'un sel ?
Quel est l'effet général d'une augmentation de la température sur l'enthalpie de dissolution ?
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Qu'est-ce que l'enthalpie de dissolution (ΔH) mesure ?
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Quel est le résultat énergétique d'une réaction de dissolution où ΔH est égal à 0?
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Dans quels domaines l'enthalpie de dissolution est-elle particulièrement importante ?
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Quelle est la méthode de mesure du changement d'enthalpie basée sur la loi de van't Hoff?
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Quel est le rôle de la force ionique sur la solubilité du sel et le changement d'enthalpie?
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Quelle est la réaction chimique qui correspond à la dissolution du chlorure de sodium dans l'eau?
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Quel est le type de réaction qui correspond à une ΔH positive?
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Quel est l'effet de la concentration du sel sur le changement d'enthalpie?
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Study Notes
Enthalpy of Dissolution
- Definition: The enthalpy of dissolution (ΔH) is the change in enthalpy when one mole of a substance dissolves in a solvent, typically water.
Factors Affecting Enthalpy of Dissolution
- Solubility: The enthalpy of dissolution is related to the solubility of the salt. A more soluble salt tends to have a more negative ΔH.
- Temperature: An increase in temperature generally increases the solubility of a salt, resulting in a more negative ΔH.
- Ionic Strength: The presence of other ions in the solution can affect the enthalpy of dissolution.
Types of Dissolution Reactions
- Endothermic: The dissolution reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings, resulting in a positive ΔH.
- Exothermic: The dissolution reaction releases heat to the surroundings, resulting in a negative ΔH.
Measuring Enthalpy of Dissolution
- Calorimetry: A technique used to measure the heat change (ΔH) during a dissolution reaction.
- Isothermal Calorimetry: A method that measures the heat change at constant temperature.
Applications of Enthalpy of Dissolution
- Pharmaceuticals: Understanding the enthalpy of dissolution is crucial in the development of pharmaceuticals, as it affects the bioavailability of the active ingredient.
- Food Industry: The enthalpy of dissolution is important in the production of food products, such as instant coffee and tea.
Key Concepts
- Hess's Law: The enthalpy of dissolution is a state function, meaning that only the initial and final states affect the ΔH, not the pathway.
- Le Chatelier's Principle: A change in concentration, temperature, or pressure can affect the equilibrium of the dissolution reaction.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the enthalpy of dissolution, including its definition, factors affecting it, types of dissolution reactions, measurement techniques and applications in pharmaceuticals and food industry.
